Prevention of neonatal infections is an important part of ensuring the healthy growth of newborns. As the neonatal immune system is not fully developed and is relatively less resilient, it is vulnerable to various pathogen microorganisms.
Neonatal infections are infectious diseases caused by exposure to or inhalation of pathogenic microorganisms after birth. Neonatal infections not only affect the healthy development of the newborn, but may even endanger life when it is severe. Therefore, the prevention of newborn infections is crucial. The prevention of neonatal infections is examined in detail in a number of ways.
I. Environmental cleanliness and ventilation
Maintaining a clean, indoor living environment for newborns should be kept clean, with regular major clean-up to reduce dust and pathogenic microorganisms in indoor air. At the same time, care is taken to keep the contents of indoors clean and to avoid the accumulation of miscellaneous items in order to reduce the opportunity for bacteria to breed.
2. An open-window ventilation room shall be properly ventilated and air flow maintained. Fresh air reduces the concentration of indoor pathogen microorganisms and reduces the risk of neonatal infections. At least two open windows per day for at least 30 minutes each time.
II. Reducing outing and avoiding close contacts
1. Reduce the immunisation of out-of-home newborns, minimize out-of-home and avoid exposure to cold air irritation and pathogen microorganisms. Where necessary, good weather and air quality should be chosen and heating measures should be made available.
2. Avoid close contact and minimize the risk of taking newborns to densely populated places, such as hospitals, supermarkets, etc. At the same time, close contact is avoided with patients with flu, diarrhoea, etc., to prevent cross-infection.
III. POVERTY AND CLEANING
1. Hand-washing is carried out in a thorough manner before, after and after the birth, as well as after exposure to other items. Handwashing for at least 20 seconds, using soap and mobile water, ensures hand cleaning and avoids transmission of pathogen microorganisms to newborns.
The skin, eyes, nose and mouth of the newborn child should be kept clean in order to prevent the growth of bacteria and viruses. Temperature soap and water can be used for washing, but care is taken to avoid excessive cleaning leading to skin damage.
3. Items such as clothing, diapers and towels for clean newborns should be periodically replaced and cleaned to keep dry and clean. Clothes and diapers should choose soft, breathable materials to avoid overstretching or laxation in order to reduce friction and bacterial breeding opportunities.
IV. Rational feeding and dietary hygiene
Breastfeeding can provide immunoglobins and antibodies, enhance the resilience of newborns and reduce the risk of infection. It is therefore recommended that breastfeeding be chosen as far as possible.
2. If milk powder is required, the formula suitable for the newborn should be selected and the proper feeding methods followed. Milk bottles and nipples shall be regularly cleaned and sterilized, either with boiled water or with steam disinfectors.
3. In feeding, care is taken to keep hands and bottles clean and to avoid the transmission of pathogenic microorganisms to newborns. At the same time, attention is paid to the hygiene and quality of food and to avoiding feeding newborns with obsolete or spoiled food.
V. Strengthening care and observation
1. The sleep position is sensitive to the sleep position of the newborn child and maintains the correct position on the head and neck, avoiding suffocation and breathing difficulties. Regular repositioning to prevent skin damage due to prolonged oppression of the same area.
Before the umbilical umbilical cord is removed, the belly umbilical cord is prevented from being watered for long periods and the belly umbilical is dried after the bath. In order to prevent bacterial infections, alcohol or iodine volts can be disinfected. The umbilical cord is backward, and if a small amount of yellow secretions or blood is released, the same treatment is performed before it is completely dry.
3. Observatory temperature regularly measures the temperature of newborns and, in case of abnormal increases, takes timely measures to cool. To avoid the blind use of drugs or speculation of medical conditions, prompt medical treatment should be provided in case of discomfort.
VI. Planned immunization and vaccination
1. Hepatitis B vaccine is the most important vaccine in the planned neonatal immunization. Hepatitis B infection can be effectively prevented by vaccination. The newborn child shall be vaccinated against the first dose of hepatitis B within 24 hours of birth and shall complete the entire course of vaccination in accordance with the procedure of 0-1-6 months.
BCG is a vaccine against tuberculosis. Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by the fungi of tuberculosis, which can affect the lungs and other organs. Tuberculosis can be effectively prevented by vaccination of BCG. The newborn child should be vaccinated against BCG within 24 hours of birth.
3. Polio vaccine against paralysis and death caused by polio virus. Neonatals should be vaccinated against polio at the age of April and at the age of 4.
BPT vaccine is used against the three diseases of pertussis, diphtheria and tetanus. Neonatals should be vaccinated with the first three doses of the 100-and-white vaccine at the age of five months and with an enhanced dose at the age of 18-24 months.
5. Measles-preventing live vaccine against measles. Neonatals should be vaccinated against measles at the age of eight months.
6. Depending on the region and the epidemic, other vaccines are likely to be administered to newborns, such as hepatitis A vaccine, an epidemic meningitis vaccine and a pox detoxification vaccine. Parents should take their newborn children to regular health-care facilities for vaccination in strict compliance with the national immunization planning process and timetable.
VII. Home care and attention
1. Avoid kissing in order to prevent the transmission of pathogen microorganisms to newborns by avoiding, as far as possible, kissing the face and mouth of the newborn child. In particular, family members suffering from diseases such as flu and diarrhoea should avoid intimacy with their newborns.
2. Care shall be taken that the members of the healthy family of the family shall observe personal hygiene, change their clothes, wash their hands and avoid the transmission of bacteria and viruses to the newborn child. In the event of an infectious disease, medical attention should be provided in a timely manner and doctors should be informed of the contact with the newborn so that appropriate measures can be taken.
3. Avoiding over-cleaning, while keeping clean is one of the important measures to prevent infection in newborns, avoid over-cleaning leading to skin damage. New-born babies have delicate skins and should use mild cleaning products and appropriate cleaning methods.
4. Timely access to medical care, such as infirmities of the newborn, such as fever, cough, diarrhoea, etc., should be provided and the doctor ‘ s history of vaccination and exposure of the newborn. In order for doctors to make the right diagnosis and treatment.
In the light of the above, the prevention of new-born infections needs to be addressed in a number of ways, including the maintenance of environmental cleanliness and ventilation, the reduction of outing and the avoidance of close contact, hygiene and hygiene, proper feeding and dietary hygiene, enhanced care and observation, and planned immunization and vaccination. Parents should take their newborns in strict compliance with the national immunization planning process and timetable, and pay attention to pre- and post-vaccination care and observation. At the same time, attention is paid to the health and well-being of family members and to avoiding the transmission of pathogenic microorganisms to newborns. Through these measures, the risk of infection can be effectively reduced and the healthy growth of the newborn can be ensured.
