Antibacterial drugs are an important part of modern medicine and have significant therapeutic effects on the treatment of various bacterial infections. However, with the widespread clinical application of antibacterial drugs, the problem of bacterial resistance has increased, posing great challenges to clinical treatment. It will raise awareness of anti-bacterial drugs, explore ways to reduce anti-bacterial resistance and promote the clinical rational use of anti-bacterial drugs.
II. Status of resistance to antibacterial drugs
1. Causes of drug resistance: Antibacterial resistance is mainly due to mutation of bacterial genes and to the transfer of drug-resistant genes at levels. Under the pressure of choice of antibacterial drugs, there has been a gradual increase in the number of drug-resistant bacteria, leading to a decrease in the efficacy of the drug.
2. Bacteriological resistance: The global spread of resistant bacteria, especially in our country, is critical. Monitoring data show that in some parts of the country the detection rate of drug-resistant bacteria is above the international average.
3. The effect of drug resistance: anti-bacterial resistance increases the difficulty of clinical treatment, increases the patient ‘ s hospitalization time, increases the cost of medical treatment and, in serious cases, endangers the patient ‘ s life.
III. Awareness-raising and reduction of drug resistance
1. Strengthen awareness-raising campaigns: raise public awareness of anti-bacterial drugs and make patients and medical personnel fully aware of the correct use of anti-bacterial drugs, their adaptation, taboos and possible adverse reactions.
Strict drug use: Rational choice of anti-bacterial drugs, based on the principles of “simplity, lowness and low capacity”. 3. Regulating drug behaviour: Following the clinical application guidelines for antibacterial drugs and strictly applying the prescription regime to ensure their rational clinical application.
4. Monitoring and evaluation: strengthen monitoring of clinical application of antibacterial drugs, regularly analyse drug resistance trends and provide a basis for sound clinical use.
IV. Clinical rational application of antibacterial biopharmaceuticals
1. Characteristics of antibacterial biopharmaceuticals: Antibacterial biopharmaceuticals have a wide spectrum of antibacterials, precise therapeutic effects, low adverse effects, etc. and are important in clinical treatment.
2. Principles of reasonable application:
(1) Specific drug indications: Select appropriate antibacterial biopharmaceuticals based on the type of pathogens, the area of infection and the patient ‘ s condition.
(ii) Individualized medicine: an individualized medicine programme that takes into account, inter alia, the age of the patient, liver and kidney function, and allergies.
(3) Note the interaction of drugs: avoid adverse reactions with other drugs and ensure efficacy.
(4) Treatment and dosage: Following the recommendations of the guidelines, the treatment and dosage are reasonably determined and no arbitrary adjustments are made.
3. Principles for the use of antibiotics during an immediate surgery: One type of operation usually refers to cleaning operations, such as some plastic surgery, ophthalmic surgery, selective osteopaedic surgery (e.g., joint lenses), thyroid surgery and breast surgery. The surgical aspects of such operations do not involve contamination or a lower risk of infection, and therefore the preventive use of antibiotics is usually not required.
1 Reasons for avoiding the preventive use of antibiotics: Reduce resistance to antibiotics: Unnecessary antibiotics use increases the risk of bacterial resistance. Reduction of adverse effects: Antibiotic use may cause adverse effects, such as allergies, intestinal herbology disorders, etc. Save health resources: Avoiding unnecessary antibiotics can reduce medical costs.
2 Exceptions to the use of antibiotics: Even in clean surgery, the preventive use of antibiotics may be required in the following cases: There are high-risk factors for patients, such as diabetes mellitus, those with low immunization capacity, those with advanced age, etc. Long operation time: A half-life beyond antibiotics. Alien implants: e.g. artificial joint replacement, pacemaker implants, etc. There is a potential risk of infection in the surgical part: for example, there is an infection stove near the surgical part.
4. Examples of clinical applications: Background: Capricorn antibiotics are commonly used drugs to treat multiple bacterial infections, but inappropriate use leads to resistance. Example: One patient has been diagnosed with coliform infection due to urinary tract infections. Based on the results of the drug-sensitization test, the doctor chose third-generation antibiotic pine. In the course of the treatment, doctors closely monitor the patient ‘ s condition and stop the medication in a timely manner after the symptoms have improved, thus avoiding unnecessary long-term use. Reasonable application: In the use of precipitous antibiotics, doctors should be guided by the following principles: Select appropriate drugs based on pathogen and pharmacological test results; determine appropriate doses and treatment procedures; monitor patient efficacy and adverse reactions; and avoid unnecessary joint use.
While antibacterial drugs are of great value in clinical treatment, resistance cannot be ignored. Raising awareness of antibacterial drugs and reducing drug resistance are key to strengthening education, regulating drug behaviour, monitoring and evaluation. At the same time, clinically sound application of anti-bacterial biopharmaceuticals is key to reducing resistance and improving efficacy. It is hoped that this paper will serve as a useful reference for a wide range of medical personnel and patients and contribute to the rational application of anti-bacterial drugs.
