Skin disease is a complex conjunctive tissue disease whose main characteristics are skin hardening and fibrosis, and which may be tiring and internal organs, which seriously affects the quality of life and health of patients.
Skin diseases can be broadly classified as restricted and systemic. The limited rigid skin disease is mainly confined to the skin, and the pathology usually begins at a certain point in the skin, with a gradual appearance of rigidity, atrophy, etc. For example, chromosomal diseases are common limiting types of rigid skin, where local skins form circular, elliptical or irregular spots, colours can gradually change from light red to light yellow or ivory, surfaces are smooth and dry, borders are clear, skin textures are gradually disappearing, touchy textures become hard, like leather, and generally do not exhibit visible whole-body symptoms, but when they occur in exposed areas such as the face, they may affect beauty and put some stress on the patient ‘ s mental state.
Systematic rigid skin diseases are more widespread. In the case of the skin, the initial appearance was the swelling of the hand, face and skin, with a change in the intestine of the finger. The skin was subsequently thickened and hardened, with limited physical activity in the event of serious, rigid facial expression, which formed the so-called “face mask face”. In addition, systemic rigid skin diseases often involve internal organs. When the digestive system is exhausted, the oscillation of the edible tube is reduced, the patient is suffering from difficulty in swallowing, especially when eating solid food, and may be associated with heart fever, anti-acid symptoms and chronic malnutrition; lung stress is more common and can cause inter-pulmonary fibrosis, which can lead to severe activity, including sexual respiratory difficulties, dry coughing, and severe damage to the pulmonary function and even develop into respiratory failure; heart stress can lead to myocardial fibrosis, cardiac disorders, heart failure, etc., and the risk of cardiovascular disease is increased by heart palsy, chest distress, and gas shortness; renal stress can lead to the appearance of a hard-skind renal disease, manifested in a sharp increase in blood pressure, protein urine, and a sharp deterioration in the kidney function, which is one of the major causes of death.
The causes of the disease are not yet entirely clear and are now considered to be related to a variety of genetic, environmental and immunological factors. Genetic factors are reflected in some of the patients, and mutations or polymorphology of certain genes may increase the risk of morbidity. In terms of environmental factors, long-term exposure to certain chemical substances, such as silicon dust, organic solvents and so on, may induce rigid skin disease. Immunisation abnormalities play a central role in the onset of rigid cortex disease, with multiple self-antibodies in patients, over-activation of the immune system, resulting in the abnormal growth and activation of fibre cells, large amounts of extracellular building blocks such as synthetic gelatine proteins, sedimentation in the skin and internal organs, leading to tissue fibrosis and hardening.
The diagnosis of rigid skin diseases is based on the patient ‘ s clinical performance, skin work and serology. Dermal biopsy can observe characterizational pathologies, such as the growth, thickness, sclerosis and inflammation of inflammation cells around the blood vessels, which can facilitate a clear diagnosis. The seroscopy detects a variety of specific antibodies, such as anti-nucleus, anti-Scl-70 antibodies and anti-filamental antibodies, the detection of which is important for the diagnosis, characterization and assessment of the disease. In addition, an overall assessment of internal organs is required in conjunction with chest X-line, lung function examination, heart ultrasound, kidney function examination, etc.
The treatment of hard-skin disease does not yet have a specific treatment, primarily aimed at improving conditions, mitigating symptoms, preventing and treating complications. In drug treatment, sugar cortex hormones can mitigate inflammation responses in the early stages of a disease, but they need to be carefully applied in cases where the resulting fibrosis has limited effect and long-term use may have many adverse effects. Immunosuppressants such as cyclophosphos-amide and ammonium butterflies can inhibit immune responses, slow the progress of the disease and are often used in patients with internal organs. For patients with a Reno phenomenon, care needs to be taken to keep warm by using calcium-channel retardants such as nitro-biphenyl flattening, spreading blood vessels and improving blood circulation. With respect to the symptoms of the digestive system, abating symptoms such as acidic acids, aerobics, immunosuppressants, etc. can be used for patients suffering from stress in the lungs, and appropriate and supportive treatment for patients suffering from heart and kidney stress, such as control of blood pressure, improvement of heart function, and protection of kidney function. At the same time, patients should also focus on rehabilitation, maintenance of joint activity and prevention of joint twitching; and skin care to avoid drying and broken skin and to prevent infection.
Skin disease is a chronic, progressive disease that requires long-term treatment and follow-up, active cooperation with doctors in adjusting their treatment programmes, and optimism in order to improve the quality of life and fight the disease for the long term.
