Clinical characteristics of pneumococcal invasive infections
Abstract: Pneumococcal infestation has become a more common and difficult clinical problem, posing a serious threat to the life and health of patients. This paper explores in depth its clinical characteristics with a view to raising the level of awareness and treatment of the disease among health-care workers and providing a basis for improving the patient ‘ s prognosis.
Introduction
Pneumocococcal is a grenacella, which is widely found in nature and in human respiratory, intestinal, etc., and normally lives with humans. However, due to factors such as reduced body immunity and the existence of basic diseases, they can break through the body defence barrier, cause invasive infections, strain and multiple systems, have high rates of disease and death, and an understanding of their clinical characteristics is essential for early diagnosis and precision treatment.
II. Epidemiological characteristics
(i) Vulnerability
Older persons, infants, persons with chronic basic diseases (such as diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, malignant neoplasms, cirrhosis of the liver, etc.), as well as persons with chronic use of immunosuppressants, intrusive medical operations (such as a gas tube intubation, a central intravenous tube, a urine road intubation, etc.) have weak institutional resistance and are vulnerable to pneumocococcal strain.
(ii) Paths to infection
Inhalation of bacterial aerosol infections, mainly through the respiratory tract, is easily transmitted in densely populated places such as hospital wards, nursing homes, and can also be ingestion through digestive tracts of contaminated foods and water-borne diseases. In addition, during medical operations, bacteria can enter human blood circulation or tissue organs directly through contaminated devices, catheters, etc.
III. Symptomological characteristics
(i) Lung performance
As a common respiratory fungi, the infestation of the lungs is sudden, often accompanied by high heat, with a temperature of 39°C or higher, and often of thermal type. Coughing and coughing are significant, the glucose glucose is sticky, and it is in the form of a brick-red gel, which is characterized by changes in the glucose form caused by bacteria. Some patients are accompanied by chest pains and breathing difficulties, and pulmonary acoustic and wet pronunciations, with short-term progress to respiratory failure.
(ii) All-body symptoms
In the case of bacterial haemorrhagic sepsis, sepsis, the symptoms of whole-body intoxication are prominent, in the form of symptoms of the nervous system, such as cold warfare, continued high fever, arrhythmia, infirmity, infirmity, and even mental disorders and coma. In the case of excruciating and urology systems, there are signs of frequent urination, urgent urination, pain in urine, blood urination and arrhythmia in the back, and urine is routinely found in large quantities of white, red and bacteria. An attack on abdominal organs, such as the liver and spleen, can cause abdominal pain, abdominal swelling, hepatic spleen swollen and, in severe cases, abdominal swollen swollen, with abdominal ache and a palsy.
IV. Laboratory and video characteristics
(i) Laboratory inspection
Blood routines indicate an increase in the total number of white cells and the proportion of neutral particles, suggesting bacterial infections; C. Inflammatory indicators such as protein (CRP) and calcium reduction (PCT) are significantly higher, and PCT levels are relevant to the severity of the infection and can assist in judging progress. Bleeding is the key to the diagnosis of bacterial haemorrhage and sepsis, and multiple and different blood extractions can increase the positive rate, and the development of pneumocococcal bacteria can be clearly diagnosed.
(ii) Visual inspection
The chest X-line or CT examination is of high diagnostic value for lung infections, the lung can see spectroforms, large foliages, and bright trachea, known as “air trachea”, in typical variable areas, some of which are accompanied by thorax fluids and pulmonary swollen formation. The abdominal ultrasound, the CT helps to detect abdominal sepsis, urinary system quarries or water accumulation, etc., and provides anatomical basis for precision treatment.
V. Therapeutic and prognosis
(i) Treatment
Empirical treatment preferred third-generation sepsis (e.g., thalamus, thorium pine), carbon pyroacylene (e.g., American, Amibenan) antibiotics, and timely adjustment of the drug to the sensitive results to ensure the accuracy and effectiveness of antibacterial drugs. In the case of sepsis-formers, sting-in or surgery is required to remove the infection stoves and to strengthen support for treatment, to correct hydrolysis, to supplement nutrition and to improve the patient ‘ s immunity.
(ii) Later
The prognosis is closely related to the basic state of health of the patient, the severity of the infection and the timeliness of treatment. Patients with a high number of basic diseases, a high level of illness, and delays in treatment have poor prognosis, with a rate of death of up to 20 per cent – 50 per cent, while young, non-serious basic diseases and early and effective treatment are most likely to recover, but are still at risk of recurrence.
Conclusions
Pneumococcal invasive infections have unique epidemiological, clinical, laboratory and image characteristics. Health-care personnel should be vigilant in their efforts to monitor at-risk populations and, in the event of suspected symptoms, carry out rapid and relevant examinations, early diagnosis and reasonable treatment, with a view to reducing the patient ‘ s rate of death and mortality and improving the planning process, as well as to strengthen the prevention of infection in hospitals and reduce the risk of transmission.
