parasitic infections are a widespread global public health problem, especially in areas with poor sanitation. Not only do parasitic infections pose a threat to human health, they can also cause serious socio-economic problems. This paper will be presented in a systematic manner from the type of parasite, the route of transmission, clinical performance, diagnostic methods and prevention measures, with a view to providing scientific reference to the public and medical workers.
I. Common parasitic species
Depending on the biological properties and areas of parasites, they can be classified into the following categories:
Insects
Malaria Plasmodium: causes malaria, mainly through mosquito bites.
Amiba: If it is in the dissolved tissue, it can cause amiba dysentery and liver abscess.
Jadi lashes caterpillar: causes jadi disease, often transmitted through contaminated water sources.
Worm
nematode worms: e.g. aphids, hooks, vermins and filarias, mainly born in the intestinal or lymphosystem.
Aphids: For example, pig and oxen larvae, born in the intestinal tract, can cause cystalosis.
Insects: For example, liver, pulmonary and blood insects, in the liver, lung or blood.
External parasites
Lice: is born in the skin or on the surface, causing itching and secondary infections.
Scabies caused, mainly through direct contact.
II. Channels of transmission of parasitic infections
The transmission of parasitic infections can be found in a variety of ways, including the following:
Passive transmission
By ingestion of contaminated food or water, such as raw raw meat, drinking contaminated water, etc.
Typical diseases: Aphids, Jadisis, liver insects.
Leather transmission
The parasite enters the human body directly through the skin, such as the larvae through the skin into the blood cycle.
Typical diseases: schistosomiasis, hook worm disease.
Insect vector transmission
The transmission of parasites, such as mosquitoes, through insect bites, malaria and onchocerciasis by black flies.
Typical diseases: malaria, filariasis.
Direct exposure to transmission
It is transmitted through direct human contact, e.g. through skin contact.
Typical diseases: scabies, lice.
III. Clinical performance of parasitic infections
The clinical performance of parasitic infections varies according to the type, area and degree of infection, with common symptoms including:
Symptoms of the digestive system
Abdominal pain, diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting, etc. are common infections of intestinal parasites, such as vermin and Jadisis.
All-body symptoms.
Heat, lack of strength, weight loss, etc. are common in all-body parasitic infections such as malaria and schistosomiasis.
Skin symptoms
Itch, rash, skin ulcer, etc. are common in scabies, hook worm disease.
Other symptoms
Hepatic swelling, yellow blubber (hepatic insecticidal disease); lung symptoms such as cough, chest pain (pulmonary insecticidal disease); lymphatic oedema (filariasis).
IV. Diagnosis of parasitic infections
Medical history collection
To understand the living conditions of patients, eating habits, travel history, etc.
Laboratory inspection
Excreta screening: Test parasite eggs or larvae.
Blood examination: test for parasite antibodies or parasites per se, e.g. blood smears for falciparum.
Visual examinations: e.g. ultrasound, CT, used to detect parasitic disease in the liver or lung.
Molecular biology.
The genetic fragments of parasites are tested through PCR technology, with high sensitivity and specificity.
Measures to combat parasitic infections
The prevention and treatment of parasitic infections requires a combination of environmental, hygiene and medical interventions. The following are common interventions:
Preventive measures
Improving sanitation: ensuring safe drinking water and avoiding the use of untreated water sources.
Attention to dietary hygiene: avoid raw or half-live meat, fish and shellfish.
(b) Personal hygiene: hand-washing, especially before eating and after toilet.
Insect bite prevention: use of mosquito nets, insecticides to reduce the risk of insect-borne diseases such as malaria.
Drug prevention
Deworming drugs, such as abedazine, metrazine, etc., are regularly used in high-risk areas.
The development of a vaccine for specific parasites is also under way but is not yet widely applied.
Treatment
Anti-parasitic drugs: Select appropriate drugs based on parasite type, e.g., americium for amiba disease and chloracium for malaria.
Treatment of illness: abating symptoms of the patient, such as deheating, pain relief, etc.
Surgery: Some serious parasitic infections, such as cystoplasmosis, may require surgical intervention.
Public health interventions
Health education to raise public awareness of parasitic infections.
Screening and prevention of parasitic diseases are carried out on a regular basis, especially in endemic areas.
VI. Outlook for the future
As medical technology progresses, the diagnosis and treatment of parasitic infections will become more precise and efficient. However, the prevention of parasitic infections still needs to be the primary focus. Future research directions include:
New diagnostic techniques
Develop rapid and easy diagnostic tools to improve early detection rates.
Vaccine development
The development of vaccines for high-risk parasites will be the focus of future efforts.
Integrated response strategy
A multi-layered system of response is developed in the context of environmental governance, health education and drug interventions.
Concluding remarks
parasitic infections are a complex public health problem, and their response requires multidisciplinary and multisectoral collaboration. The incidence and hazards of parasitic infections can be effectively reduced by improving health conditions, strengthening health education and promoting scientific prevention and treatment. In the future, as medical technology advances and vaccines are developed, the prevention and treatment of parasitic infections will become more efficient and provide stronger protection for human health.
