Immunization indicators play a crucial role in the diagnosis and treatment of rheumatizing diseases. They are like “ciphers” of the body’s immune status, helping doctors to interpret the mystery of disease and providing critical clues for precision treatment.
The first is the rheumatist factor (RF), which is one of the commonly used indicators in the diagnosis of rheumatism. There may also be a small amount of RF in normal humans, but when RF levels rise significantly, they tend to point to abnormal activation of the immune system. Among the patients with rheumatism arthritis, the RF has a high positive rate, which can be combined with the immunoglobin G in the body, forming immunocomposed compounds, sedimenting in areas such as the joints, causing inflammation, leading to typical symptoms such as joint pain, swelling and deformity. However, RFs are not unique to rheumatism, while other diseases such as dry syndrome, systemic red hemorrhoids, etc., and even some healthy elderly people may be RF positive, requiring a combination of symptoms, signs and other tests of the patient, and cannot be diagnosed with rheumatism solely on the basis of RF positive.
Anti-nucleus (ANA) is another important index of rheumatism immunization, a group of self-activated antibodies that target multiple components within the cell core. ANA positives are found in a wide range of rheumatological immunopathy, such as systemic red hemorrhoids, dry syndrome and systemic sclerosis. ANA testing is like an “alarm” and, once positive, prompts a doctor to further screen patients for rheumatism and to clearly diagnose it with other specific antibodies. For example, in the case of systemic erythalamus, ANA usually displays high-dippositiveness and may be accompanied by anti-twine DNA antibodies, anti-Sm antibodies, which are important for systematic erythalamus diagnosis and assessment, and are closely related to the activity of the disease, kidney stress, etc.
The blood sunk (ESR) and C reaction protein (CRP) mainly reflect the inflammatory state of the body. Blood sank means the speed at which red cells sink under certain conditions, and CRP is an acute, opposite protein. During rheumatism activities, such as rheumatism arthritis, and incipient spinal disease, there is a strong inflammation, sank and CRP levels. They help doctors to determine whether the disease is active or not and to assess the effectiveness of treatment. If after a period of treatment, blood sank and CRP are gradually reduced to normal levels, it is usually suggested that the disease is effectively controlled; conversely, if blood sank and CRP continue to rise or remain high, there may be a need to adjust treatment programmes to enhance anti-inflammatory treatment.
The diagnosis of rheumatological arthritis is highly specific and sensitive to the anti-accumulant antibodies (CCP). Compared to RF, CCP antibodies can be positive at an early stage of the disease and have some value for the prognosis of rheumatism. Their positive patients are more likely to suffer from serious complications such as arthropod damage, and therefore the detection of CCP antibodies contributes to the early diagnosis of rheumatism and provides a basis for the development of sound treatment programmes for timely and effective interventions to slow the progress of the disease and protect its function.
In addition, there are a number of other rheumatological immunization indicators, such as ANCA, which is related to vascular disease; antiphosphate antibodies have important diagnostic value in antiphosphate syndrome. Each of these indicators reflects the anomalies and disease characteristics of the immune system from different angles.
Understanding the clinical significance of common rheumatological immunization indicators is of great value, whether for doctors to accurately diagnose diseases, develop individualized treatment programmes or for patients to better understand their own conditions and to cooperate in treatment. It should be noted, however, that none of the indicators can be used in isolation for the diagnosis of a disease and that it is necessary to consider the overall situation of the patient in an integrated manner in order to make accurate judgements and effective treatment decisions that will help patients to better respond to the challenges of rheumatizing immunization and to move towards rehabilitation.
