“First killer” – lung cancer control

“The number one killer” – lung cancer control is the world’s highest incidence and mortality of tumours, which, according to the latest data on the incidence of malignant tumours published by the National Cancer Centre in 2023, still rank first in China. There are serious social and family losses and economic burdens. It’s also known as the “first killer” of health. What is lung cancer then? Prophylactic lung cancer (known as lung cancer) is the origin of malignant neoplasms of pneumatic mucous membrane and pulmonary oscillation, which can be classified as non-small cell cancer and small cell cancer, as well as subtypes. Among these, non-small cell lung cancer consists mainly of two types: gland cancer and carcinoma. The small-cell menu, the 4 lung cancer, is generally of a central type, progressing more rapidly, and is the king of the cow in lung cancer. Lung cancer is non-transmissible but has a certain family concentration and genetic susceptibility. The current situation is that, at the time of the first diagnosis, most of the lung cancer patients had been moved far away, with a predominance of middle-aged diseases and a trend towards rejuvenation. Lung cancer is not an accident, and many risk factors are closely related to it. The primary factors are smoking, including active smoking and passive inhalation of second-hand smoke. Other important factors include long-term exposure to air pollutants (e.g. PM2.5, industrial exhaust, radon), occupational exposure to carcinogens (e.g. asbestos, nickel, chromium, etc.), family genetic tendencies and chronic lung diseases. Understanding and circumventing these risk factors are key to preventing lung cancer from its source. Early symptoms of lung cancer are often unusual, easily neglected or misdiagnosed. The usual early manifestations include persistent dry coughs, blood threads in the cough, unknown weight loss, chest pains or chest suffocation, fever, and acoustic noise. Regular low-dose CT screening for high-risk populations, especially long-term smokers, family historyrs and those exposed to long-term environmental hazards, is an effective means of detecting early lung cancer. With advances in medical science and technology, the treatment of lung cancer has entered the era of precision medicine. Depending on the pathology type of lung cancer, the stage, the genetic mutation and the individual differences of the patient, doctors develop individualized treatment programmes, including a variety of means such as surgery, chemotherapy, treatment, targeting and immunisation. Targeting drugs, especially for specific gene mutations (e.g. EGFR, ALK, ROS1), as well as immunosuppressants that trigger tumour attacks on the organism ‘ s immune system, have shown significant therapeutic effects in clinical practice, significantly prolonging the patient ‘ s life and improving the quality of life. What are the prophylactics? (2) People with occupational exposure history (asbestos, radon, beryllium, chromium, cadmium, nickel, silicon, coal smoke and soot, etc.) should be protected by wearing protective masks; (3) Care should be taken to avoid indoor air pollution, such as passive smoking, open-fire coal heating, exposure to oil and smoke, etc. (4) Persons with respiratory diseases are treated in a timely and regular manner. (5) Avoid out and exercise in case of serious atmospheric pollution. (vi) A good way of life, and to maintain a comfortable and stable mood. (7) Reduce the production of cooking smoke; in order to keep the kitchen ventilated, the condition is that the better-performing smoker can be installed and the temperature of the cooking can be controlled. (8) Reduced consumption of fried oil, high sugar and spicy and irritating foods, smoked barbecues, greasy foods, pickled foods or not, and bad foods. (9) Long-term, chronic coughing, especially with blood on the cheeks and even with red red, should be carried out with greater vigilance, early arrival in hospital, early diagnosis and early treatment. (10) Persons with a high history of family tumours should be vigilant and regularly and systematically examined.