Attention to post-operative rehabilitation of breast cancer patients
Breast cancer is the most prevalent tumour in women, and the current treatment programmes for breast cancer include surgery, chemotherapy, target treatment and immunotherapy, but are still predominantly surgical. Functional problems of upper limb lymphoma, upper limb functional disorders, psychological disorders, etc., often occur after the operation due to post-operative brakes, lymphomy cleaning, etc. Thus, early intervention in rehabilitation treatment is promoted with a view to improving the quality of survival of patients.
1. Post-operative care
• Effective coughing, coughing, cleaning of respiratory secretions
• Keep the lead pipe open and avoid holding, twisting, folding and, if sudden changes in blood, sept or flow fluids are detected (over 100 ml/h), inform the doctor in a timely manner
• The graft ligature should be properly applied and should not be loosed at will, and medical personnel should be informed, in a timely manner, of the adjustment of the tightness of the bandage if the skin is found to be purple, with low skin temperature and a lack of pulse.
2. Common complications after breast cancer
The upper leg lymphoma is one of the most common complications after breast cancer. Clinically, not only can the upper limbs be swollen and constricted, but long-term lymph accumulation can also lead to fibrosis of upper limb skin tissue, resulting in upper limb rigidity, fatigue and restricted joint activity. The upper limb functional impairments can be seen in the rigidity of the shoulder joints on the side, in the restricted range of the shoulder joints, as well as shoulder pains, abnormal or loss of parts of the area, and low muscle strength. Moreover, patients with breast cancer are more vulnerable to anxiety and depression than other oncological patients. As a result, there is a greater need for a concerted effort by patients, their families and doctors to give early attention to mental development and to maintain the mental health of patients.
3. Early functional exercise after breast cancer
The principle of step-by-step exercise of the early functioning of a limb must be followed, and it must follow a step-by-step sequence and must not be taken in advance, so as not to affect the healing of the wound.
• 1 – 2 days after the operation, practiced handshakes, stretches and bends
• Post-operative 3-4 days, forearms stretching movement
• Post-operative 5-7 days, hand to shoulder, side to ear
• 8 to 10 days after the operation, practice shoulder joint lifts, stretches and bends up to 90° to begin active movement of shoulder joints, back stretches, in-receiving, outreach and internal and external rotations to prevent the skin under armpits from healing too tight
• 10 days after the surgery, the shoulder joint is trained to climb the wall, and normally within 1 to 2 months, to achieve a state of the same state as before or on the side of the shoulder.
• Shoulder-band exercise
• Compliance requirements for functional exercise: 2 within a week, the upper arm of the side stretches and lifts the ear around the top of the head to the opposite side, after which the functional exercise continues.
The exercise of shoulder joints is restricted or delayed if:
Restrictions on shoulder joint outreach within 7 days; severe piping victims, avoiding significant movement within 2 weeks after surgery; reduction of the number of exercises and shoulder joint activity (restriction of outreach); delay of shoulder joint movement after pelvis and back wide skin pedal breast redevelopment after a pelvis or post-operative 1 week
• Functional exercise attention:
1) Training should be gradual, with a gradual increase in the level of joint activity and movement, and the choice of patient-sufferable motor strength to avoid visible fatigue and pain
2) Light to moderate aerobics can reduce fatigue; aerobics combined with resistance can increase muscular survivability and help to restore upper limb function
3) Functional exercise should last longer than 6 months, especially during the first 3 months
4) If the arm and shoulder function of breast cancer patients continues to decline after treatment, they should go to physiotherapy.
Periodic review
The treatment of breast cancer has made considerable progress in recent years, but the rate of relapse and transfer within five years of the operation is high; therefore, periodic review and self-examination should be carried out and should be carried out in a timely manner to detect a recurrence or recurrence.
