Post-operative care and medication for breast cancer
Post-operative and pharmaceutical care for breast cancer is a key component in ensuring the rehabilitation of patients, preventing relapse and improving the quality of survival. After surgery, breast cancer patients need not only physical recovery but also a range of assistive treatments to reduce the risk of relapse and help them to survive the post-operative recovery period. The following are the main elements of post-operative breast cancer care and drug treatment.
I. Post-cancer breast care
Post-operative care is essential for the rehabilitation of breast cancer patients, covering all aspects from physical recovery to psychological support. Good post-operative care can facilitate healing, reduce post-operative discomfort and improve the quality of life of patients.
1. Wound care
After the operation of breast cancer, care for post-operative wounds is one of the most important elements of care. Keeping the wounds clean and dry and avoiding infection is key to preventing complications.
(b) Observation of wounds: periodic examination of signs of haematoma, seepage or abnormal pain, and timely medical attention in case of abnormality.
Replacement dressing: The wounds are covered with sterile dressing and regularly replaced to ensure that the wounds are in a dry environment and to prevent bacterial infections.
Avoiding oppression: Avoiding excessive pressure on the surgical area after an operation, avoiding heavy lifting and intense exercise, and avoiding the pull of wounds.
Pain management
Post-cancer pain management is another important aspect of post-operative care. Post-operative pain management not only helps to improve the comfort of patients but also contributes to recovery.
Drug treatment: After the operation, pain can be alleviated using non-paralytic anti-inflammation drugs (NSAIDs) or opioids (e.g. morphine, oxycodone, etc.).
Cold dressing and heat dressing: Cold dressing can be used to reduce swelling and pain at the beginning of the operation, and appropriate heat dressing helps to ease muscle tension and promotes blood circulation.
Psychological support: The perception of pain is closely related to the state of mind, and appropriate psychological guidance and emotional support are equally important for the relief of pain.
3. Restoration of upper limb function
Breast cancer operations, especially for those who perform armpit lymphomy clean-up, often result in upper limb lymph oedema, limiting shoulder and arm movements.
Lifting of upper limbs: The upper limbs on the side of the surgery can be appropriately lifted after the operation, helping lymph fluids to reflow and reducing oedema.
The wearing of pressure clothes: The wearing of appropriate flexible stress clothes helps to reduce edema and promotes lymphomy discharge.
Rehabilitation campaigns: shoulder exercise, such as shoulder rotation, under the guidance of a specialist physician, prevents shoulder rigidity and resumes activity.
4. Psychological care
The treatment of breast cancer has a significant impact on the mental health of patients. Breast cancer patients are often associated with psychological problems such as depression, anxiety and fear, so that psychological care is also not negligible.
Emotional support: Patients may face the fear and anxiety associated with illness, support from family and friends, and encouragement from health personnel can be effective in alleviating psychological stress.
Psychological guidance: psychological counselling to help patients deal effectively with post-operative negative emotions and to increase confidence in treatment.
Social support: Encourage patients to join support groups for breast cancer patients, share rehabilitation experiences, increase social interaction and alleviate loneliness.
5. Food and lifestyle guidance
The dietary and lifestyle adjustment of post-operative patients is essential for rehabilitation.
High-protein diet: After surgery, the patient needs more protein to help heal the wound. There is an adequate intake of skinny meat, fish, eggs, beans, etc.
Low fat diet: Controls fat intake to avoid excessive animal fat.
Vegetable fruit and vegetables: Increased consumption of fruit and vegetables, adequate vitamins and minerals, and increased immunity.
Tobacco and alcohol cessation: Both smoking and drinking can increase the risk of re-emergence of breast cancer, and should be followed by a clean and healthy lifestyle.
II. Drug treatment for breast cancer
Medical treatment of breast cancer is an important component of post-operative comprehensive treatment and can help to control the recurrence and transfer of tumours. Drug treatment usually includes chemotherapy, endocrine treatment, target-oriented treatment and immunotherapy.
1. chemotherapy
chemotherapy is a common method of assisted treatment after breast cancer, especially for patients at higher risk of relapse. Chemotherapy can inhibit the growth of tumour cells and reduce the risk of microtransmission.
Commonly used chemotherapy drugs: e.g. rims (e.g. acin), violets (e.g. Dositas).
Chemotherapy programme: Post-operative chemotherapy generally begins within 2-4 weeks of the operation and the treatment cycle is 3-6 months. Specific chemotherapy programmes need to be developed according to the type and period of breast cancer of the patient.
2. Endocrine treatment
Endocrine treatment applies to breast cancer patients who are positive for estrogen receptor (ER) and positive for pregnancy hormone receptor (PR), with the aim of disrupting hormonal stimulation of cancer cells in the body and thus inhibiting the growth of the tumor.
Tamoxifen: He is a selective estrogen receptor (SERM) which is often used in pre-menopausal women to prevent estrogen effects by combining with estrogen receptors.
Aromatase Inhibitors: Letrozole and Anatrozole, mainly for post-menopausal women, act as inhibitors for the generation of estrogens in the body.
3. Target treatment
Target-oriented treatment, through intervention with specific molecular targets for tumour cells, can be precise in killing cancer cells and reducing damage to normal cells.
HER2 Target Treatment: For HeR2-positive breast cancer, the use of target-oriented drugs (e.g., tutto perch, Patto perch) can inhibit the role of the Her2 receptor and slow the progress of the tumor.
Target inhibitors: e.g. CDK4/6 inhibitor (Paboli-sing) can effectively slow down progress in hormonal receptor-positive breast cancer, especially for drug-resistant patients.
4. Immunization treatment
Immunization treatment has been a new direction in breast cancer treatment in recent years, particularly for patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Immunosuppressants (e.g., the Pablo Monovalent) help patients identify and attack cancer cells by activation of their immune system.
Immunosuppressants, such as PD-1 inhibitors and PD-L1 inhibitors, can significantly improve the immune response of patients with breast cancer, especially in the case of triple-negative breast cancer.
5. bone protection treatment
Osteoporosis is at higher risk for patients receiving endocrine or chemotherapy treatment, especially for post-menopausal women. At this point, bone protection treatment (e.g., the use of dithionate) can effectively prevent fractures.
Summary
Post-operative care and medication for breast cancer are two key components of patient rehabilitation. Post-operative care focuses on physical recovery, psychological support and lifestyle adjustments to ensure a smooth post-operative transition and recovery of health; drug treatment reduces the risk of relapse and increases survival through a variety of means, including chemotherapy, endocrine treatment, target-to-target treatment and immunization treatment. The treatment of breast cancer requires individualized treatment based on the patient ‘ s condition, pathology and personal circumstances, and post-operative combination treatment helps to improve the curing rate and quality of life of breast cancer patients.
Breast cancer
