Speculation and treatment of breast cancer

Breast cancer is one of the most common malignant neoplasms in women, and its early detection and treatment is essential to improve the survival and quality of life of patients. The stratification and treatment of breast cancer is closely related to the type, stage, receptor state, etc. The main stratifications, stages and corresponding treatments for breast cancer are described in detail.

1. Speculation of breast cancer

The stratification of breast cancer consists mainly of pathology and molecular stratification. Pathological spectrometry is classified according to the origin and form of cancer cells, while molecular speculation is further broken down according to the molecular characteristics of tumour cells to provide a basis for individualized treatment.

(1) Pathology score

Breast cancer can be classified according to the origin of cancer cells as follows:

(c) Controlled breast cancer (IDC): originating from breast catheters, which account for about 70 – 80 per cent of breast cancer. Controlled breast cancer is growing faster and is susceptible to diversion.

Breast cancer with small leaves (ILC): originating in small mammograms, 10-15% of breast cancer. Breast cancer of the leaf type is characterized by its susceptibility to both sides and slow growth.

Inflammatory breast cancer: A rare and fast-moving type of breast cancer, often manifested in breast swelling, red hair, changes in skin, such as orange skin, and often misdiagnosed with breast disease.

TNBC: A type of breast cancer that lacks estrogen receptor (ER), pregnancy hormone receptor (PR) and HER2 receptor, usually with poor prognosis and limited choice of treatment.

(2) Molecular Fragmentation

Based on the expression of molecular markers such as hormone receptor and HER2 in breast cancer cells, breast cancer can be classified into the following categories:

hormonal receptor positive (HR positive): Female hormonal receptor (ER) and/or pregnancy hormonal receptor (PR) positive, indicating that cancer cell growth depends on hormone irritation, and this type of breast cancer is usually slower and better prepared.

HeR2 positive: About 15-20% of breast cancer is HeR2 positive, i.e. the cancer cell surface overexpression of the HeR2 receptor. Such tumours grow more rapidly, but their efficacy can be significantly improved through target-oriented treatment (e.g., one-sided anti-curvature).

TNBC: Lack of ER, PR and HER2 receptors, usually poor prognosis, limited access to treatment and reliance on chemotherapy and immunotherapy.

2. Distribution of breast cancer

The period for breast cancer is determined on the basis of the size of the tumour, lymphoma dysentery and if there is a remote transfer. The usual structation system is the TNM structation system (tumours, lymph nodes, transfer).

T (tumour size): T1(≤2cm), T2(2-5cm), T3(>5cm) and T4 (tumour assault chest or skin) according to the maximum diameter of the tumor.

N (Lymph lymph lymph lymph lymph lymph ligation): according to the lymph lymph lymph ligation, N0 (no lymph lymph ligation), N1 (1-3 lymph lymph lymph ligation), N2 (four-9 lymph lymph lymph lymph ligation), N3 (over 10 or more or other areas lymph lymph ligation).

M (dispatch transfer): M0 (distant transfer) and M1 (distant transfer) depending on whether a remote transfer is available.

Breast cancer ranges from 0 (in situ cancer) to IV (late cancer) and the later the period, the more difficult the treatment and the lower the expectations.

Treatment of breast cancer

The treatment of breast cancer includes surgical, therapeutic, chemotherapy, endocrine, target-oriented and immunotherapy. The choice of treatment options depends on the type of cancer, the period and the individual circumstances of the patient.

(1) Surgery

Surgery is the basis for breast cancer treatment and applies to early breast cancer patients. The most common methods are:

Breast-painting: This applies to limited breast cancer, where only part of the breast tissue of the tumor and its surroundings is removed and breast-shaped. Post-operative treatment is often accompanied by treatment to reduce the risk of local recurrence.

Breastectomy: for patients with large tumours, local immersion or multiple tumours. Depending on the condition, one-sided mastectomy or double-sided mastectomy can be chosen.

An armpit lymph scavenger: For patients with an armpit lymphocyte transfer, the lymphocyte is usually removed from the operation to help assess the extent of cancer expansion.

(2) Treatment

The treatment is mainly used for post-operative assistive treatment, especially after breast-painting, with the aim of eliminating possible residual cancer cells and reducing the risk of local recurrence. For partially progressive breast cancer, treatment is also an important treatment.

Post-operative treatment: especially after mammography, it can effectively reduce local relapse rates.

Chest-wall therapy: It also has some effect in the case of late-stage breast cancer, which has been transferred to the chest, to alleviate symptoms and control tumours.

(3) chemotherapy

Chemotherapy is the full-body treatment commonly used in breast cancer treatment and applies to all stages of breast cancer, especially advanced or transmissible breast cancer. chemotherapy can kill cancer cells and inhibit the growth and spread of tumours.

Auxiliary chemotherapy: after the breast cancer surgery, it is possible to eliminate the small transfer stoves that may exist and reduce the risk of relapse.

Newly assisted chemotherapy: Pre-operative chemotherapy, with the aim of reducing the size of the tumor in order to provide better surgical treatment.

Transplanted breast cancer treatment: chemotherapy is an important way of controlling conditions and mitigating symptoms for breast cancer, which is transferred from afar.

Commonly available chemotherapy drugs include violet (e.g. Dossitas), thallium ring (e.g. acin) and platinum.

(4) Endocrine treatment

Endocrine treatment applies to hormonal receptor-positive breast cancer (ER-positive, PR-positive) and inhibits the growth of tumours by inhibiting hormonal levels in the body or disrupting the combination of hormones and cancer cells.

Tamoxifen: A selective estrogen receptor (SERM), often used in pre-menopausal women.

Aromatic enzyme inhibitors: Letrozole and Anatrozole, often used in post-menopausal women, are used to inhibit the production of estrogens in the body.

(5) Target treatment

Target treatment is targeted at specific molecular targets of cancer cells, which are more precise and less side-effects than traditional chemotherapy.

HER2 Target Treatment: For HeR2-positive breast cancer, the use of drugs such as Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab, among others, can significantly improve treatment effectiveness.

The CDK4/6 inhibitor, such as the Parbocicclib, is often used for hormonal receptor positive and Her2 negative breast cancer.

(6) Immunization treatment

Immunization treatment combats tumours by enhancing the functioning of the patient ‘ s immune system. Immunosuppressants (e.g., Pablo Monopoly) have shown some efficacy in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).

Summary

The treatment of breast cancer varies according to its type, stage and molecular characteristics. Depending on the patient ‘ s circumstances, individualized treatment is key to improving the effectiveness and quality of treatment. The effectiveness of breast cancer treatment has improved significantly through early screening, accurate diagnosis and comprehensive treatment, and the survival and quality of life of patients has improved effectively.

4o Mini

It’s hormonal receptor-positive, Her2-negative breast cancer.

(6) Immunization treatment

Summary

Breast cancer