Guidelines for family care after cuisine cancer
After edible cancer, the body is weak and requires careful family care. The following are some of the main points of care:
I. Catering
– Adapting the diet: chemotherapy may affect the appetite and digestive function of the patient, and the diet should be nutritious and digestive. Select high protein foods such as eggs, milk, fish, shrimp, tofu, etc. Eggs can be made of eggs, fish and shrimp can be evaporated and tofu can be made of tofu soup. At the same time, fresh vegetables and fruits, such as spinach, broccoli, apples, bananas, which are rich in vitamins and dietary fibres, contribute to the maintenance of intestinal functions and increased immunity. For people who have difficulty swallowing, the food can be slurryed or paste and can be swallowed easily.
– Careful diet: the principle of a diet is adopted, with 5-6 meals per day. Food consumption should be slow, so as to avoid rapid feeding leading to tungsten. In the course of feeding, the patient may remain in a seat or half-bed, not immediately rest after eating, and may exercise or remain in a half-bed for a reasonable period of time to prevent the food from going backwards. If a patient has a bad appetite, some appetizer food, such as pineapple, yogurt, etc., may be prepared, but care is taken to avoid perturbation or acidity in order to stimulate the edible mucous membranes.
II. Dental care
– Keep mouth clean: chemotherapy can cause oral mucous lesions and increase the risk of infection. The family shall assist the patient in brushing his or her teeth at least two times a day with soft teeth and then wash his or her mouth with warm or salty water. If a patient has an ulcer or pain in his or her mouth mucous membrane, special dental care fluids, such as new rehabilitation, can be used for rinsing in accordance with instructions. For patients with dentures, the dentures are removed daily for cleaning.
– Observation of the oral situation: follow up on the presence of red and edema, ulcer, haemorrhage, odor, etc. If white spots or clots are found in the mouth mucous membranes, it may be signs of fungal infection, and the doctor should be informed in a timely manner. At the same time, care is taken that the patient has oral symptoms, which can be adequately mitigated by drinking water or using artificial saliva.
III. gastrointestinal care
– Responding to vomiting: post-healing vomiting is a common adverse reaction. When the patient is sick, he/she is allowed to breathe deep, relax or be relieved by a small amount of cool oil in his/her nostrils. After vomiting, warm water is used to wash the mouth of the patient, to clean the mouth and face vomiting and to replace dirty clothing and sheets. The number, volume and nature of vomiting is recorded, and if vomiting is frequent or accompanied by abdominal pain, fever, etc., medical attention should be provided in a timely manner.
– Treatment of diarrhoea or constipation: Some patients may have diarrhoea or constipation. For diarrhea patients, care needs to be taken to supplement moisture and electrolyte and to allow the patient to drink appropriate oral rehydration salts. Foods that are easily digestible, such as rice congee, noodles, etc., can be selected to avoid greasy, spicy and high-fiber foods. If the diarrhoea is severe, care is taken to protect the skin of the patient ‘ s analgesic skin, which is then washed and dried with warm water, and some skin-protected ointment is painted. In the case of constipated patients, they are encouraged to increase their activity, as appropriate, and to eat more of their foods, such as wheat bread, vegetables and so on, which are rich in fibres. If constipation continues unabated, such portable drugs as cascades may be used under the direction of a doctor.
IV. Psychological care
– Emotional support: patients with oesophagus can experience anxiety, depression, etc. as a result of physical discomfort, fear of the disease. Families need to accompany their patients, listen to them patiently and give them a sense of care and understanding. Encourage patients to express their feelings, provide comfort and encouragement, and increase their confidence in overcoming the disease.
– Reducing psychological stress: some easy and pleasant activities can be arranged for patients, such as listening to music, watching easy television programmes and talking to family and friends. If the patient is under excessive psychological stress, he or she may seek the help of a professional psychologist.
V. Skin care
– Protection of piercing areas: If chemotherapy of patients is carried out, for example, through intravenous tubes, care is taken to protect the skin of the piercing areas. Maintain local cleaning and drying to avoid water contamination and pollution. Observe the presence of red swollen, blood seepage, fluid seepage, etc., and inform medical personnel in an unusual and timely manner.
– Attention to skin reactions: Some chemotherapy drugs may cause adverse skin reactions, such as rashes, itching, etc. The family has to advise the patient not to scratch the skin in order to prevent it from causing infection. Some itching ointment or oral drugs may be used on the advice of a doctor. If the rash is severe, care is taken to keep the skin clean, avoid friction and prevent rash break.
VI. Rest and activity care
– Ensuring adequate rest: after chemotherapy, the patient is weak and needs adequate rest to recover. To create a quiet and comfortable resting environment for patients and to ensure sufficient sleep time per day. Sleep positions can be adjusted to the patient ‘ s comfort, such as raising the bed head or using half-beds, which can help to reduce the backsliding of the food pipes.
– Moderate exercise: with the patient ‘ s physical capacity, he is encouraged to carry out moderate activities, such as indoor walking, simple stretching, etc. Activities can promote gastrointestinal creeping and improve the body, but avoid overwork. Family members should accompany the event to prevent the patient from falling.
VII. COMMUNICATION OBSERVATIONS
– Close observation of the condition: care is taken to see if the patient suffers from fever, respiratory difficulties, chest pains and increased ingestion. These may be manifestations of complications such as infection, edible perforation and progress. In case of anomalies, medical attention should be provided in a timely manner for early diagnosis and treatment.
In general, post-ecophatic care requires the care and patience of the family, comprehensive care of the patient ‘ s physical and psychological condition and the creation of good conditions for his/her rehabilitation.
Old-age oesophagus cancer
