In
clinical work, doctors are often asked by cervical cancer patients: “How did I get the disease?”? Can my illness be cured? Can this disease be prevented?
How do you get
cervical cancer? It can be said that cervical cancer is the first tumor with a clear cause, which is caused by persistent high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in the reproductive tract. Generally speaking, the time from high-risk HPV infection to cervical cancer is 10-15 years. Therefore, we have enough time to see if it is diseased. If we insist on doing a physical examination every year, we can detect cervical neoplasia and even cervical cancer early. That’s why we need to have a physical examination every year.
So what do we do in the physical examination? First of all, we need to see if you have high-risk HPV infection. If there is no high-risk HPV infection, you can have the same test every three years. If there is this virus infection, then you do not have to panic, do not be afraid. Because only a few people with HPV infection have cervical cancer, most of them are infected in a short period of time, and can eliminate the virus through their own immunity, which is like a “cold” in the reproductive tract. So, what does the positive performance of HPV mean? He just reminds you to have a gynecological examination every year to carefully examine the vagina or cervix for dysplastic epithelium so as to detect lesions early. Early treatment.
So what should we do if we are HPV positive? The answer is to do colposcopy. If there is a problem with the colposcopy, a further biopsy under the colposcopy should be done. We will decide whether to observe or treat you next according to the pathology of the biopsy. The hospital that does not have colposcopy still can do test of iodine of naked eye acetic acid naked eye, if see acetic acid white epithelium or iodine negative epithelium, should do biopsy. If there is no pathological change, please observe for another year. Repeat the test after one year. Some hospitals do not have equipment to detect HPV, so they can do liquid-based cytology (TCT). If ASCUS results are obtained, HPV screening should be done if conditions permit, and colposcopy should be done if HPV is positive. HPV-negative patients often indicate inflammation, which can be observed. If there is no condition for HPV testing, colposcopy can be done directly. In short, physical examination means “looking” at the organs of your body, early detection of diseases and early treatment.
What kind of people are susceptible to HPV? HPV is very common, and the vast majority of people who have had sex, both men and women, will be infected with HPV at some point in their lives. Because the virus is latent, it is possible to carry HPV for many years after a one-time experience of infection. Using condoms can reduce the likelihood of infection, but it does not completely prevent the spread of the virus. Because the main route of HPV transmission is sexual contact transmission, people who first had sex too early (< 16 years old) and had multiple sexual partners were susceptible to HPV infection. It can also cause infection through other contacts. Factors leading to reduced resistance, such as smoking, HIV infection and chronic immunosuppression, are also synergistic susceptibility factors, which increase the possibility of HPV infection and morbidity of cervical cancer. There are also some emotional factors, such as impatience, stubbornness, work or life pressure, less activity and so on, which are also important factors leading to the decline of resistance.
How to prevent HPV infection?
Vaccine prevention: At present, the bivalent HPV vaccine for HPV1618 and the tetravalent HPV vaccine for HPV 6, 11, 16 and 18 can prevent cervical cancer and genital precancerous lesions caused by the virus, reduce the incidence of cervical cancer by 75%, with good safety and an effective rate of 95%. It has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration of the United States (FDA). The United States and the World Health Organization (WHO) believe that the age of people who can be protected by HPV vaccine is 9-26 years old, while the most suitable age for both boys and girls is 11-12 years old. HPV vaccination should be administered in 3 doses over a period of 6 months (dose 1: date of choice; dose 2:2 months after dose 1; dose 3:6 months after dose 1).
Prevention of
high risk factors, such as smoking cessation, increased exercise, regular and healthy lifestyle, and stable sexual partners. Be good at adjusting the pressure and emotions in life, so that the body is in a balanced state, and enhance the body’s resistance.
