The ovaries occupy a small space in a woman’s body, but they affect her health and happiness for a lifetime. The ovary is a small organ in the human body, but it is the predilection site for tumors. Over the past 40 years, the incidence of ovarian malignant tumors has increased by 2-3 times, and there is a gradual upward trend. It is one of the three common malignant tumors of female genitalia. Because the ovary is located in the pelvic cavity and can not be directly peeped, and there are no symptoms in the early stage, and there is a lack of perfect early diagnosis and differential methods, once symptoms occur, it is often a late lesion. The curative effect of advanced lesions is not good, so the mortality rate is the highest among gynecological malignant tumors. With the development of diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancer and endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer has become the most threatening tumor to women’s life and health in gynecological tumors.
The cause of
ovarian cancer is not very clear, from the current point of view, its cause may be related to the following aspects:
1. Hereditary gene mutation. Carrying BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations increases the risk of ovarian and breast cancer; carrying mutations associated with Lynch syndrome also increases the risk of ovarian cancer.
2. Family history. If two or more close relatives have ovarian cancer, the risk of ovarian cancer is higher.
3. Excessive estrogen replacement therapy. Especially those who take a lot of estrogen replacement therapy for a long time.
4. Abnormal menstrual period. Early onset of menstruation, late onset of menopause, or both may increase the risk of ovarian cancer.
Ovarian cancer is known as the “silent” disease. If we know the early symptoms of ovarian cancer, find it and go to the hospital in time, doctors will have a better chance of finding it early. The symptoms of ovarian cancer patients are not specific, but there are several characteristic manifestations:
1. abdominal distension;
2. Pelvic or abdominal pain;
3. Difficulty in eating or feeling full quickly (early satiety);
4. Urgent and frequent urination;
5. Other symptoms include nausea, bowel disorders (upset stomach or heartburn), constipation, back pain, pain during sex, fatigue, and weight loss.
Of course, in addition to ovarian cancer, other diseases can also cause these symptoms, in any case, it is best to go to the hospital in time for examination after physical abnormalities.
Clinical diagnosis
There are no clear symptoms
in the early stage, which is difficult to detect early.
70% of them were in the middle and late stages at the time of
treatment.
Ovarian cancer “triad”: 40-60 years old, ovarian dysfunction; gastrointestinal symptoms, is an early warning signal.
Treatment
Ovarian cancer is the most common gynecologic malignancy with the highest mortality. The principle of treatment is based on surgery, combined with chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
Surgical treatment is the first choice for the treatment of ovarian cancer. Objective: To excise the tumor completely and stage the tumor accurately.
How to prevent ovarian cancer?
At present, there is no clear way to prevent ovarian cancer, but there are some ways to reduce the risk of ovarian cancer:
1. Maintain good living habits, strengthen exercise, healthy diet, regular work and rest, ensure sleep, timely adjustment of life pressure, etc.
2. Have children at the right time. Relevant data show that women who are pregnant and give birth before the age of 26 have a lower risk of ovarian cancer than those who are not pregnant. Full-term pregnancy and breastfeeding can also reduce the morbidity risk of ovarian cancer.
3. Scientific contraception and long-term oral compound short-acting contraceptives can reduce the incidence of ovarian cancer.
4. Regular gynecological examinations are recommended for women after the age of 25.
5. Genetic testing: For women with immediate family members suffering from ovarian cancer and breast cancer, it is recommended to carry out necessary genetic testing to determine whether there is gene mutation, identify the risk of disease, and achieve timely intervention.
6. When children are found to have precocious puberty or premature vaginal bleeding, women of childbearing age with amenorrhea, menstrual disorders, abdominal mass, lower abdominal pain and so on should go to the hospital for examination and treatment time.
Health education
1. Keep a good attitude: avoid mental stimulation and emotional excitement.
2. Pay attention to nutrition: high calorie, high protein, high cellulose diet, eat more fruits and vegetables, light and digestible.
3. Exercise and functional exercise: Proper exercise can enhance resistance and reduce complications, and proper functional exercise can enhance self-care ability.
4. Continue treatment: give priority to cancer treatment, supplemented by radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and encourage patients to continue to receive treatment.
5. During chemotherapy, reduce going out, increase or decrease clothes in time, avoid colds, and eat as much as possible.
