Effects of narcotic drugs on kidneys

The effects of narcotic drugs on kidneys and on kidneys play a key role in the course of surgery and medical treatment, but their effects on kidneys also require attention. The kidney is an important metabolic and excretion organ in the body and is responsible for the removal of waste and drugs in the body. The effects of narcotic drugs on kidneys may affect the metabolic, excretion and overall health of patients. Understanding these effects helps to ensure the safety of patients and reduce post-operative complications.1. Renal metabolic discharge of narcotic drugs:Renal function: Many narcotic drugs and their metabolites are excreted through urine, and kidneys play a crucial role in this process. The functioning of the kidneys directly affects the speed and efficiency of discharge.• Drug accumulation: patients with inadequate kidneys may not be able to effectively exclude narcotic drugs, leading to their internal accumulation and increased risk of side effects and toxicity.Metabolism:• Drug metabolism: Some of the metabolites of narcotic drugs after metabolism in the body also need to be excreted through the kidney. The loss of kidney function may lead to the accumulation of these metabolites, further affecting health.2. Risk of acute kidney damage to kidney damage:Toxicological responses: Some narcotic drugs and their metabolites may cause direct toxicity to the kidneys. For example, the metabolism of chloroform and certain narcotic substances in the body may result in toxic substances causing damage to kidney tubes.• Excessive use: Excessive use of narcotic drugs may increase the burden on the kidneys, leading to acute kidney damage as symptoms of reduced urine, protein or blood urine.Chronic kidney damage::: Long-term use: Long-term use of certain narcotic drugs may cause chronic kidney damage, especially among people with basic kidney diseases. Chronic kidney damage can lead to gradual kidney failure.3. The underlying diseases affecting the factors:• Kidney patients: The kidney function of the kidney patient has been compromised and the use of narcotic drugs requires special care. The doses of narcotic drugs may need to be adjusted to avoid further burdening the kidneys.Other diseases: Other basic diseases of patients (e.g. diabetes mellitus, hypertension) may also affect kidney health and increase the risk of renal damage caused by drugs.Drug interaction:Interaction: Combined use of narcotic drugs and other drugs may affect kidney function. For example, certain drugs may increase or diminish the effects of narcotic drugs and affect kidney metabolic and excretion capacity.4. Prevention and management of dosage adjustments::: Individualization of drugs: the dose of narcotic drugs is adjusted to the patient ‘ s kidney function. For patients with kidney deficiencies, a reduction in the dose of the drug or the choice of a drug with a lower burden on the kidney may be required.• Drug monitoring: monitoring the kidney function of patients in and after surgery, observing changes in urine and other relevant indicators to ensure safe drug use.Choosing drugs:• Safe drugs: the choice of narcotic drugs that have a lower burden on the kidney, such as those that are metabolic and not dependent on kidney excretion, or that have less effect on the kidney.• Toxics: Avoiding the use of narcotic drugs known to be toxic to kidneys, especially in cases of existing kidney diseases.Pre-operative assessment:• Detailed medical history: collection of patient history, including the history of kidney disease, drug allergy, etc. To understand the kidney function of the patient and provide reference for anaesthesia management.• Renal function testing: a pre-operative renal function test, an assessment of the kidney health and a determination of whether there is a need to adjust the programme for the use of narcotic drugs.The conclusion is that the effects of narcotic drugs on the kidneys are mainly reflected in the metabolic and excretion processes of the drugs and in the direct toxicity to the kidneys. Understanding these impacts and taking appropriate preventive and management measures are essential to reduce the burden of narcotic drugs on kidneys and to safeguard the health of patients. Individualized drug selection and dose adjustments, close pre-operative assessment and post-operative monitoring can effectively reduce the negative effects of narcotic drugs on the kidneys and ensure the safety and overall health of the patients.