Discovery Tumours: The Path to Medical Attack under Threat and Challenge
Tumours, a term that is high-profile in the field of medicine and in society at large, are like the shadows surrounding people ‘ s minds, placing a heavy burden and untold suffering on countless patients and their families. Its existence not only challenges the physical limits of the human body, but also sets a serious test of modern medicine. In essence, tumours are new organisms created by an abnormal increase in the cloning of human beings whose growth is not regulated at the genetic level by the cells of local tissues as a result of a variety of tumour-induced factors. This abnormal increase is not the growth of cells in the normal biological needs of the organism, but rather a state of disorder and uncontrolledness, which is like a detached Mustang, spreading its territory indiscriminately within the human body and destroying the previously harmonious and orderly physical environment. Tumours can be broadly divided into benign and malignant tumours. tumours of a benign nature tend to grow slowly, their cell form is similar to normal tissue cells, their boundaries are relatively clear, in most cases do not shift, their physical harm is relatively small, and conventional treatments, such as surgical removal, tend to achieve better therapeutic outcomes. Malignant neoplasms, however, are quite different and have two of the most horrific characteristics, intrusive and transmissible. Cancer cells, as if they were a very aggressive group of “aggressors”, can break through the boundaries of oncological tissues, invade normal tissues around them and spread to other parts of the body, including through blood circulation or lymphocytic systems, and continue to grow wildly in far-off organs “camping”, causing a series of serious complications that pose a major threat to the life and health of patients. Cancer, as a proxy for malignant tumours, has become one of the leading causes of human mortality worldwide. Their incidence has been increasing in recent years, and the population is becoming more and more widespread, with almost everyone at risk of cancer, regardless of age, sex or race. The reasons behind this are many: lifestyle changes, such as long-term smoking, alcohol abuse, unhealthy eating structures (high sugar, fat, salty diets, etc.), lack of exercise, and the effects of environmental factors, such as exposure to contaminated air, water and soil, exposure to various chemical carcinogens (e.g. benzene, formaldehyde, etc.), radioactive substances, etc.; in addition, genetic factors play an important role in the development of certain cancers, some of which have a clear family genetic orientation, and a corresponding increase in the risk of similar cancers among other relatives if members of the family have specific cancers. Faced with the powerful enemy of tumours, modern medicine has never ceased to explore and attack. From early and relatively monocised surgical treatments, to the subsequent development of integrated treatments such as decomposition and chemotherapy, to emerging treatments such as today ‘ s high-profile tumour immunisation and target-oriented treatments, medical advances offer increasing hope for oncological patients. Surgical treatment, as a traditional means of treating oncology, has always occupied an important place in the field of treatment oncology. Early detection of tumours, especially those that have not yet been transferred, and some malignant tumours, can effectively remove the tumour tissues from the system by surgery and achieve the objective of healing or prolonging the patient ‘ s life. However, there are limitations to surgical treatment, such as the difficulty of operating on specific and difficult tumours, and the risk of post-operative reoccurrence remains high in cases of widespread malignancies, which often cannot be eliminated from all cancer cells on their own. Treatment, i.e., radiotherapy, is a cure that uses high-energy rays to kill tumour cells. It can provide local exposure to tumour tissues for the purpose of inhibiting the growth of tumours by destroying the DNA structure of the cancer cell and depriving it of its breeding capacity. Treatment is available for a variety of cancer treatments, especially those that cannot be surgically removed or that may leave cancer cells. However, it is not perfect, and while it kills cancer cells, it can cause some damage to the normal tissue around it, resulting in a series of side effects, such as radiosynthesis, dysentery, and radioactive pneumonia, causing new suffering. chemotherapy is a cure for the use of chemical drugs to kill tumour cells. These chemicals can be used to attack tumour cells throughout the body as blood flows to various parts of the body. chemotherapy is important for the treatment of malignant neoplasms that have already been transferred, which can to some extent control their growth and prolong the life of the patient. However, while killing cancer cells, chemotherapy can cause serious damage to normal cells, especially those that are growing faster (e.g., bone marrow, gastrointestinal, etc.), leading to a series of severe side effects such as disempowerment, nausea, vomiting, anaemia, and reduced immunity, which exposes patients to great physical and mental suffering during treatment. In recent years, tumour immunisation and target-oriented treatment have received considerable attention as emerging tumour treatment methods. Oncological immunisation treatment is a powerful force in the human own immune system against tumour cells. While immune systems were capable of identifying and removing abnormal cells, tumour cells were crafty, and they developed mechanisms to avoid them, making it difficult for the immune system to function effectively. The key to tumour immunisation treatment is to break the immunity escape. For example, immunosuppressants, which can cut off protein from the immunosuppressors, such as PD-1 and CTLA-4, which would have inhibited the immune system from attacking tumor cells. When the inhibitor works, the immune system can be reactivated, so that all efforts can be made to contain tumor cells. Target treatment is the method of treatment for precision strikes at specific targets on tumour cells (e.g. genetic mutations, protein expression abnormalities, etc.). Through the use of target-oriented drugs, it directly acts on target points on tumour cells, rendering tumour cells sterile or inducing them to die, with less impact on the normal surrounding tissue. Both emerging treatments show good treatment in some cancer types and offer new hope to some patients. Although much progress has been made in the treatment of oncology in modern medicine, tumours remain a very challenging problem. On the one hand, the biological characteristics of different types of tumours vary widely, and even the same tumours can show different symptoms, speed of development and response to treatment in different patients, which requires more personalized treatment to meet the needs of patients. On the other hand, the cost of treatment on tumours is often high and the financial burden is a very real problem for many patients, especially those from low-income families, and may result in their being denied comprehensive treatment. In addition, there are still many mechanisms for the onset of tumours that are not fully articulated, which limits the development of more effective and accurate treatments by medical researchers. The long road to the fight against tumours requires not only constant and in-depth research by medical scientists and the development of more and more effective treatments, but also the concerted efforts of society as a whole. The Government should invest more in oncological research and promote the progress of medical research; medical institutions should improve the level of diagnosis and treatment of oncology and provide better medical care to patients; and the public should develop good living habits, enhance self-health awareness, minimize the effects of tumour-induced factors and reduce the risk of tumours. Only then can we achieve greater victory in this difficult struggle against tumours, freeing more patients from the shadow of tumours and reaccepting healthy lives.
