Nutritional support treatment during tumour treatment of the neck

Nutritional support for treatment of tumours in the neckCervical tumours are one of the most common malignant tumours around the world, and their treatment is an important tool. However, because of the special anatomy of the tumours on the neck, which is closely related to the digestive system, the tumours themselves and the effects of the treatment are very vulnerable to malnutrition. This paper will be based on a consensus of experts on the nutritional support treatment of tumours in the circulatory neck.1. Impact of malnutritionThe incidence of malnutrition in the treatment of cervical tumours is as high as 44 – 88 per cent, and severe malnutrition is about 20 – 40 per cent. Malnutrition reduces patient tolerance and sensitivity to treatment, increases the incidence of complications, prolongs hospitalization, increases treatment costs and ultimately affects the patient ‘ s treatment effectiveness.2. Meaning of nutrition interventionsNutritional treatment aims to translate adequate nutrition into the advantage of treatment. Early and timely nutrition interventions for patients can correct and slow down body weight loss and malnutrition, increase treatment resistance and sensitivity, reduce treatment side effects and reduce the incidence of treatment interruptions.Nutrition assessmentNutrition assessments include nutritional risk assessment tables and nutritional assessment tables. The usual nutritional risk screening table is nutritional risk screening 2002 (NRS 2002), while the patient’s subjective overall assessment (PG-SGA) is the preferred method of assessing the nutritional status of patients on tumours.4. Evidence of nutritional treatmentNutritional support treatments for persons with cervical tumours include: BMI < 18.5 kg/m^2^ or under 70 years of age, BMI < 20 kg/m^2^ or over 70 years of age, BMI < 22 kg/m^2^; pure blood protein < 30 g/L; significant recent loss of body weight; PG-SGA ≥4 or NRS2002 ≥3; less than 75 per cent intake through mouth.5. Energy and nutrient demandThe daily consumption of patients in treatment is recommended at 25-30 kcal/kg per day, and in the case of a combination of serious complications, 30-35 kcal/kg per day is recommended. Protein supplies range from 1.0 to 1.5 g/kg per day.6. Nutritional treatment6.1 Nutritional educationNutrition education includes teaching about nutrition, making nutritional recommendations, looking at blood and biochemical tests, and discussing individualized nutrition interventions.6.2 Intestine nutrition• Oral supplementation: recommends high-quality, high-calorie or soft food; recommends an increase in medical dietary supplementation for patients who are able to eat via their mouth and who are undernourished.• Nasal feed supplementation: applies to patients who are unable to eat or are inadequately fed.• Stomach fistula (PEGFS) or autointestinal fistula (PEJFS), which is applicable to patients with an estimated intestinal nutrition of more than four weeks.6.3 Intestine nutritionIn the case of patients with severe gastrointestinal reaction and intestinal disorders, such as intestinal disorders, who cannot withstand intestinal nutrients, the implementation of intestinal nutrition may be considered.7. Nutritional treatment principlesFor those who suffer from malnutrition before treatment, nutritional treatment should be provided in a timely manner to correct malnutrition. In cases where multiple factors cause the patient to have less than one week of natural diet, appropriate intestine or intestine nutrition treatment should be selected in a timely manner, based on the timely treatment of the condition of the patient.“Five-step therapy” for nutritional treatmentThese include normal diet and nutrition education, normal diet and oral nutritional supplements (ONS), whole-intestinal nutrition (TEN), part-intestinal nutrition (PEN) and part-intestinal nutrition (PPN), and whole-intestinal nutrition (TPN).The above-mentioned nutritional support measures have been effective in improving the nutritional status of patients with tumours on the neck and improving the effectiveness of treatment and the quality of life.