Immunisation of lung cancer.
Lung cancer continues to be the most malignant tumour in the country with the highest morbidity and mortality rates, and more than half of those with lung cancer are already at an advanced stage when they are discovered, and the treatment of lung cancer has evolved from traditional surgery, to the years of target-to-immunotherapy, with the development of diagnostic techniques. Immunization treatment is a major breakthrough in the treatment of lung cancer, the emergence of which offers greater hope for the long-term survival of lung cancer patients. 1. What is the rationale for pulmonary cancer immunization treatment? The human immune system can protect our bodies well; normally, when bacteria and viruses are infected, the human immune system will be activated, and immune cells, internal immune factors will work, like human police, in areas of infection, to eliminate invasive alien pathogens. So, does the immune system work for tumor cells? The answer is yes. In the human immune system, there is an immunocell called T-cell, known as the Human Guard, which can recognize the tumour cells of the human body and carry out lethal attacks. It functions in a logical way: there is a protein on the surface of a T-cell called PD-1, which can identify specific antigens on the surface of a tumour cell and thus “eliminate them”. However, sly tumour cells use various methods to suppress the immune system and thus avoid its killing. Because the sly tumour cell evolved into the PD-1 formulation PD-L1, the PD-1 combined with PD-L1, it was like wearing a mask, “deception” of T-cells, avoiding the recognition of T-cells, and continuing to walk through the body. In response to this mechanism, our scientists invented the PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor, which enables the two warriors to recognize the tumour cell disguise, to block the PD-1 combination of the PD-1 and PD-L1 on the tumour cell, and to restore T-cells to tumour cell recognition and injury. The PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor is not directly directed at the tumor, but rather at the immune system, indirectly for the purpose of combating the tumor, which is followed by a new anti-cancer petrix following chemotherapy, which is not only more effective, but also has lower side effects, but also a wide spectrum drug, a drug that treats multiple cancers. What are the medicines for immunization? How do I choose? A total of 14 PD-1/PD-L1 immunization point inhibitors have been approved for listing in the country, including 9 PD-1 and 5 PD-L1 respectively, with adaptations covering multiple malignant tumours. Among the drugs imported were Navulillo, Pablo, Doyali and Atilillo. The drugs produced in the country include: Traipli, Sindili, Carrely, Reilly, Piampli, Sepali, Sruley, Nwoli, Shugley, Adbelle. With the exception of the sepali stand-alone, all the immunosuppressants have different ailments in non-small cell lung cancer. According to the 2023 CSCO guidelines for the treatment of small cell lung cancer, the main drugs currently being used for the treatment of small cell lung cancers for a wide range of periods are the Slulli Monotry, Adebeli Monotheism, Doyoli Monotry and Arteli Monotry. 3. What are the efficacy characteristics of immunotherapy treatment? The main principle of immunisation treatment is to activate the patient ‘ s own immune system so that he/she can regain the ability to combat the tumor. This unique treatment also has a number of unique features: (1) the tail effect. For patients responding to immunotherapy, the effects of anti-cancer treatment persist after a certain period of immunotherapy. Because of the memory of the immune cells in the human body, even if the immuno-pharmaceuticals are discontinued, the tumour cells will continue to be killed, meaning that the tumour immunotherapy treatment can provide the patient with a durable immune response and long-term survival benefit, the so-called “tailing” effect. Thus, the immune treatment for lung cancer, once the immunisation treatment has had an effect, will continue for a longer period of time, even after the withdrawal. (2) There may be false progress. While some patients are treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors with increased tumours and even new outbreaks of disease, there has been no increase in their overall state of health and tumours have begun to shrink once they have continued treatment. (3) Acceptability is good. Immunotherapy is more resilient than chemotherapy. Traditional chemotherapy is often more likely to have adverse effects, especially for those who are older or less well-equipped for lung cancer, and should therefore be treated first and foremost for this category of patients, who are better able to take advantage of the treatment than traditional chemotherapy to ensure its effectiveness. Immunotherapy has many advantages that are not available in traditional free chemotherapy, and provides new directions and ideas for clinically advanced lung cancer. In recent years, what has been termed “therapeutics”, but “therapeutics” are not almighty and are only effective for some oncological patients, and the overall effectiveness of immunotherapy treatment may now be only 20-30 per cent. The following are the main features of the population that are very effective against PD-1 antibodies and PD-L1 antibodies: (1) high expression of PD-L1; (2) high TMB (tumour mutation load); (3) high volatility of microsatellites, i.e. MSI-H; and (4) patients themselves must have a certain immunity capacity, a poor base and a combination of patients with serious diseases, which may not benefit from immunisation treatment. 5. What are the adverse effects of immunization treatment? The immune system itself is a double-edged sword. Because immunotherapy drugs, like other anti-oncological treatments, have toxic side effects, the incidence of adverse effects is much lower compared to chemotherapy and is mostly moderate. However, adverse effects associated with immunotherapy can be associated with organs or systems throughout the body, with common adverse effects such as dermal toxicity (trash and itch), fatigue, immune hepatitis, immuno-pneumonia, immuno-intestinal intestine, thyroid, and less adverse effects on cardiovascular, blood, kidney, nerve and eye. The adverse effects associated with immunotherapy can occur at any time after the start of treatment, or even after the cessation of treatment, usually from weeks to months after the start of treatment, most of which are moderate and reversible. Before treatment, the management of immunotherapy toxic responses should be screened for specific populations, including hepatitis B, C
