Types of common trauma and treatment methods

The type of common trauma and the healing method are injuries to the body caused by external factors, which can be caused by physical, chemical, biological or heat factors. In clinical practice, our trauma surgeons often experience multiple types of trauma, and each type of treatment varies. The following is a summary of several common traumas and their treatment:Open wounds1. Cutting woundsCutting is a common injury caused by sharp objects such as blades and glass. It is first necessary to clean the wound, remove the alien and treat it with a disinfectant, and then decide whether to sew depending on the size and depth of the wound. If the wound is deep or incomplete, sutures are required to facilitate healing. All open wounds require tetanus prevention.StabbingThe stab wounds were caused by the penetration of the skin by a sharp object into a deep tissue. Sting wounds should be handled with care to avoid contamination of deep tissues and, where necessary, use antibiotics to prevent infection. For deep stab wounds that may cause internal damage, a visual examination should be conducted as soon as possible to assess the internal damage.II. Closed wounds1. FrustrationThe contusion was due to the haemorrhage and tissue damage caused by a blunt instrument. Treatment consists mainly of cold dressing to alleviate swelling and pain and, if necessary, painkillers. If accompanied by a fracture or other serious injury, further visual examination is required.2. FracturesFracture is the disruption of bone integrity and continuity. First of all, firstly, the injury is fixed to avoid moving in order to avoid further damage. The type of fracture is then diagnosed by X-ray or other video technology, with conservative (plaster fixed) or surgical (slab fixed, etc.) treatment depending on the circumstances.III. BurnsBurns are skin and deep tissue damage caused by heat, chemical substances, electric shocks or radiation. Light burns can be washed with cold water to cool, avoiding the use of ice for direct contact with the skin to prevent freezing. In the case of burns above the second degree, sterile gauze should be covered and sent to the hospital for specialized treatment as soon as possible.IV. Squeeze woundsSqueeze injuries occur when a part of the body is under heavy pressure, leading to muscular necrosis and loss of blood. The immediate release of the sources of oppression and the observation of end-of-life blood circulation should be observed. If necessary, amplification is required to prevent further damage.V. Traffic accidentsTraffic accidents often involve multiple injuries, such as brain damage, chest damage, etc. First aid must be provided in a manner that allows for the maintenance of airways, the stabilization of vital signs, and a full examination and comprehensive treatment at the hospital as soon as possible.VI. Falling downFalling injuries may cause fractures in the spinal column, pelvis, etc. In the field, care should be taken to keep the wounded calm and to avoid moving at will, especially when there is a suspicion of vertebrate damage.In response to these different types of traumas, I have then compiled a few examples of treatments, which I hope will help people deal with in a timely manner when they experience trauma in their daily lives.Case I: Cutting woundsDescriptionMr. Zhang accidentally cut his finger while cutting in the kitchen, which was about 2 centimetres long, with a depth of undercut tissue and sustained bleeding.The cure.Initial treatment: immediate pressure on the wound by clean cloth or gauze to stop the bleeding for at least five minutes; cleaning of the wound and removal of any alien; sterilisation of the wound with iodine volts or other disinfection.Further treatment: If the wound is deep or the edges are incomplete, it is necessary to go to the hospital for a professional doctor to assess whether stitching is required; to inject tetanus anti-toxin or tetanus toxin; and to introduce antibiotics to prevent infection, as appropriate.Case II: Multiple injuries in a car accidentDescriptionIn a serious car accident, Ms. Lee suffered a head trauma, a broken ribs and suspected spinal damage as a result of the rolling over of the vehicle.The cure.Initial treatment: to keep Ms. Lee still at the scene, especially when it is suspected that the spine has been damaged; to ensure that the respiratory tract is smooth and that the breathing and heartbeat are checked; and to apply clean fabric to stop the bleeding if there is a visible hemorrhaging point.Further treatment: transfer of patients by ambulance to the hospital and continuous monitoring of vital signs on their way to the hospital; head CT scan to remove intracranial haemorrhage, chest X-ray examination of rib fractures, and spinal imaging; individualisation treatment based on the results of the examination, with surgical treatment if required.Case III: BurnsDescriptionMing accidentally knocked over the hot pot at home, resulting in second-degree burns in an area of about 20 per cent of both arms.The cure.Initial treatment: immediate placement of the injured area into cooling water for at least 10 minutes, avoiding the use of ice for direct contact with the skin; removal of jewellery or tight clothing near the burn area; light dressing of the wound with sterile veils.Further treatment: immediate referral to a doctor, where the level of burns is assessed by a specialist medical practitioner; necessary trauma clean-up and drug substitution; consideration of the need for a skin-planting operation, depending on the extent and depth of the burns; treatment for pain and anti-infection.Case IV: An ankle sprain from fallingDescriptionMr. Liu fell from the stairs and sprained his ankle, unable to stand.The cure.Initial treatment: keep Mr. Liu silent and try not to move the injured ankles; cover the injured area with an ice bag wrapped in towels for 20 minutes each time 3-4 times a day; lift the injured foot to reduce swelling.Further treatment: X-ray at the hospital to remove fractures; in the case of a simple sprain, the doctor may recommend the wearing of ankles, the use of crutches to assist walking, and the provision of anti-inflammatory painkillers; physiotherapy to help with recovery if necessary.Concluding remarksThese are only a brief sharing of common trauma and its treatment. In practice, treatment also needs to be applied in a flexible manner, taking into account the development of modern medical technology. In addition, the timely and accurate assessment of injuries, the rational and effective implementation of first-aid measures and the timely referral to specialized medical institutions are crucial links throughout the treatment process.