Reasonable medication for diabetes patients

Classification and characteristics of diabetes mellitus

1. Oral sugar:

(1) Sulphuride: The sugar-reducing mechanism is primarily an incentive to insulin inoculation and applies to diabetes patients who have some insulin function. The drugs are glaze, glézit, gérezone, glemetrin, etc. It needs to be noted, however, that sulfado-type drugs can lead to low blood sugar reactions, and special attention should be paid to dietary control when used against obese.

(2) Glenai-type drugs: A non-sulfonic insulin-promoting agent, which also requires some insulin function. The drugs are: Riglena, Naglena, etc. These drugs work quickly and for a short period of time, and apply to patients with increased blood sugar after meals.

(3) Double-paragus: The reduction of blood sugar is mainly achieved by increasing the use of glucose in external tissue and reducing the absorption of glucose in the gastrointestinal tract. The drug, which represents a two-acre and two-declin, is a first-line sugar medicine that is currently widely used, not only for good sugar but also for insulin sensitivity and weight reduction. However, patients with incomplete liver and kidney functions should be treated with caution.

(4) Alpha-glucose enzyme inhibitor: Reduced post-eat sugar by slowing the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates by inhibiting the activity of α-glucose enzymes in the intestinal tract. The drugs are Acarbo sugar, Volgolebo sugar, etc. Such drugs apply to patients with increased blood sugar after meals, but may cause gastrointestinal discomfort.

(4) Insulin sensitization: improving sugar metabolism by enhancing insulin. The drugs are represented by rogretone, gigretone, etc. Such drugs can increase insulin sensitivity, but may lead to side effects such as weight gain and oedema.

(5) DPP-4 inhibitor: by inhibiting the activity of the DPP-4 enzyme, the length of the insulin peptide-1 (GLP-1) is prolonged, thus increasing insulin and inhibiting insulin. The drugs are Socrates, Agrin, Ligrin, etc. Such drugs have fewer side effects but can lead to gastrointestinal discomfort and headaches.

(6) SGLT-2 inhibitor: By inhibiting the activity of sodium-glucose co-transmitters 2 (SGLT-2), glucose is promoted from urine, thus reducing blood sugar. The drugs are represented by Dag Hammarskjöld Net, Nguell Net, etc. Such drugs can significantly reduce blood sugar and body weight, but can lead to side effects such as urinary and reproductive tract infections.

2. Injecting sugar:

(1) Insulin: Insulin is an essential drug in the treatment of diabetes, especially for patients with severe impairment of insulin function. Insulin can be classified as short, medium and long, depending on the time of its effect, effect and duration. The patient should choose the appropriate type and dose of insulin on the basis of his/her condition and doctor ‘ s advice. Insulin treatment requires strict adherence to medical instructions, and attention to the timing and rotation of injections in order to avoid side effects such as low blood sugar reaction and increased fat under skin.

(2) GLP-1 receptor agonist: The high-insulin septide septide (GLP-1RA) is applicable to type 2 diabetes patients with insulin resistance. Insulin insulin can be stimulated and inhibited by activation of the GLP-1 receptor by glucose concentration dependence. It can also slow down gastrogen emptiness and insulin saturation and improve insulin resistance outside the insulin. Short-acting drugs currently on the market are Esena, Benarupe, Lisnape, long-acting drugs that benefit LaRupe, Doragra, Smegrope, etc. The most common adverse effects are gastrointestinal discomfort, such as abdominal swelling, abdominal abdominal pain, gas, constipation, gastrointestinal gas.

II. Attention to the rational use of medication for diabetes patients

1. Knowledge of drug acclimatism and taboos: When choosing a sugar medicine, the patient should be aware of his or her own condition and of his or her drug acclimatities and taboos. For example, patients with incomplete liver and kidneys should be cautious about the use of double-tips; pregnant women should be forbidden from using oral sugar.

2. Periodic monitoring of liver and kidney function: Diabetes patients should examine the liver and kidney function at least once a year to assess the metabolic and excretion capacity of the drug and to avoid the side effects of its accumulation.

3. Attention to the interaction of drugs: Diabetes can take multiple drugs at the same time, and attention should be paid to the interaction of drugs. For example, some antibiotics may increase or diminish the role of sugar-reducing drugs; urea and beta receptor retardants may lead to increased blood sugar. Therefore, doctors should be consulted and informed about the history and use of diabetes when taking other drugs.

4. Recording of medications: Patients should regularly and quantitatively take medications in accordance with medical instructions, and record taking. The records include the name of the drug, the increase or decrease in the dose of the drug, the reaction following the drug, the situation of blood sugar following the drug, the results of the urine test and the diet. This helps doctors to assess the efficacy of drugs and adjust treatment programmes.

5. Combining diet and sport: Drug treatment is only part of the treatment of diabetes and patients also need attention to the development and implementation of dietary control and sports programmes. Through a rational mix of food and appropriate campaigns, the efficacy of the sugar medicine can be further improved and the incidence of side effects reduced.

In the light of the above, the rational use of medicines for people with diabetes requires a combination of factors, including acclimatization and taboos, the specific circumstances of the patient and the demand for drugs, their interaction and side effects. Patients should, under the guidance of a doctor, choose appropriate sugar and develop individualized treatment programmes and strictly follow medical instructions for interventions in the use of medicines and lifestyles. At the same time, patients should regularly monitor indicators such as blood sugar and liver and kidney functions, adjust treatment programmes in a timely manner and pay attention to the occurrence of side effects and adverse effects of drugs.

Diabetes