Anaesthesia and age: use and attention at different stages of life
Anaesthesia is an essential and essential part of modern medicine and provides the necessary support for various surgical and medical procedures. However, the human response to anaesthesia varies with age. This paper will explore the use and care of anaesthesia in different age groups.
I. Infant and child anesthesia
Its characteristics include, inter alia, high metabolic rates and rapid drug removal; the fact that the body function is not yet fully developed; poor body temperature management; the fact that infants and young children are mainly required to undergo anaesthesia, first and foremost, as well as treatment of congenital diseases, i.e., emergency trauma treatment, i.e. calm at the time of visual examination; the fact that the care given to anaesthesia of children is based on accurate calculation of the dose of drugs to avoid overdose; the close monitoring of vital signs, in particular respiratory and body temperature, and constant attention to the child’s body temperature to avoid heat; the use of specialized child anesthesia equipment to reduce risks in the procedure; and the need to be followed to prevent low body temperature.
II. Teenage and adult anaesthesia
Characteristics include, inter alia, good health of young people and optimal organ functioning; strong metabolism and tolerance of drugs; various types of surgical operations, mainly involving the type of operation, to avoid pain; pain-free gastrointestinal examination at the time of medical examination; and, for women, birth pain. Attention to anaesthesia involves an assessment of the overall health of the patient, consideration of the risks and after-effects of the operation, consideration of possible chronic diseases, careful application of drug use, attention to adverse reactions, knowledge of the patient ‘ s history of drug use and allergy, and avoidance of life risk.
III. Middle-aged anesthesia
Its characteristics include, inter alia, a decline in mid-aged human health and the beginning of a gradual decline in organ function; and an increase in the incidence of chronic diseases. The most common types of surgery are those of common diseases (e.g., cholesterol removal, joint replacement, etc.), cancer-related interventions, and treatment of chronic pain in the brain and surgery. Anaesthesia requires a comprehensive assessment of the CPR function, attention to chronic disease indicators such as blood pressure and blood sugar, and appropriate adjustments in the dose of anaesthesia.
IV. Anesthesia of the elderly
It is characterized mainly by poor old-age organs, a marked decline in organ function, reduced drug metabolic capacity, reduced resistance, the coexistence of chronic diseases and increased risk of post-operative complications. The main concerns are osteopaedic surgery (e.g. hip fracture repair), cataract surgery, prostate surgery, cardiovascular surgery, etc. Pre-operative care includes comprehensive pre-operative assessments of the use of drugs such as cognitive functions and an allergic history of drugs; careful choice of anaesthesia, with a preference for local or regional anaesthesia; reduction of the use of anaesthesia to avoid excessive calm and unconsciousness; close monitoring of post-operative vital signs and cool handling of special circumstances arising from the operation; post-operative heating and liquid balance and post-preventive prognosis. The special case of anaesthesia of older persons is as follows:
Cardiovascular system: assessment of the heart function and adjustment of the depth of the anesthesia; maintenance of blood pressure stability to avoid sharp fluctuations.
Respiratory system: assessment of lung function, care for post-operative respiratory support; prevention of suction and lung infection.
Neurological system: evaluation of cognitive function, selection of appropriate anesthesia programme; prevention of paranoia and reduction of cognitive function.
Renal function: Assessment of kidney function, adjustment of drug dose; maintenance of appropriate liquid balance. Drug interaction: a comprehensive understanding of patient use and an assessment of the interaction of narcotic drugs with long-term use.
In short, anaesthesia is a fine medical discipline that requires personalized programme design based on the age, physical condition and type of surgery of the patient. In the case of older patients, greater care is needed to fully assess risks and to develop well-designed anaesthesia plans. The safety of the anaesthesia is increasing as medical technology progresses, but joint efforts by both the medical and the medical communities are needed to ensure that the operation and the anaesthesia go smoothly. Safe and effective anaesthesia, regardless of age, is a key factor in ensuring the quality of care.
