Child influenza prevention and control

Child Influenza is an acute respiratory infection caused by influenza viruses, with a high incidence among children. As children ‘ s immune systems are not yet fully developed, more serious symptoms and even complications may arise from influenza. Therefore, knowledge of the prevention and control of child influenza is essential for child health. II. Children ‘ s Influenza (i) is primarily caused by influenza viruses, commonly known as H1N1, H3N2 and B. These viruses are highly contagious and their antigens are susceptible to variability, making it difficult for the human immune system to identify and defend effectively. (ii) Channels of transmission: this is the most important mode of transmission. When children infected with the influenza virus cough, sneeze or speak, the foam that contains the virus is sprayed, and the children around them are at risk of infection if they are inhaled. For example, in densely populated places such as kindergartens, schools and so forth, when a child is infected, it is easy to transmit the virus to other children by flying foam. Exposure transmission: Children touch the surface of objects contaminated by influenza viruses (e.g. toys, doorknobs, etc.) and then touch their noses and mouths, and the virus may enter the body and cause infection. III. Symptoms of influenza in children: (i) typical symptoms of influenza in children are hot: children are usually exposed to high temperatures of up to 39 – 40°C and fever lasts longer, typically 3-5 days. The fever may be accompanied by cold fighting and cold feet. Symptoms of the whole body: whole body acidity, inefficiency are common symptoms. The child may behave in a lack of activity and be unwilling to move, and muscles (especially leg muscles) suffer from obvious acidic pain, which may lead to walking difficulties or reluctance to stand. Respiratory symptoms: Coughs, aldicarb and osteoporosis are also major symptoms of influenza in children. Coughs are generally more severe, possibly with dry cough or a small amount of white sap. Aldicarb and swallowing can make children uncomfortable and affect food and sleep. (ii) Children ‘ s influenza may cause complications in cases of complications, such as mid ear, nasal, bronchitis and pneumonia. If the child has symptoms such as acute respiratory distress, difficulty in breathing, breathing, breathing, purple lip, chest pain, mental infirmity, vomiting and diarrhoea, there may be complications that require prompt medical attention. IV. Children ‘ s influenza prevention (i) type of influenza vaccine and population to be used: There are currently options for a Trivalent Influenza vaccine and a four-valent influenza vaccine. The Trivalent Influenza vaccine can protect against influenza virus type A H1N1, H3N2 and Victoria B; in addition to these three viruses, the Trivalent Influenza vaccine can prevent influenza virus type B Yamagata. Inoculation against influenza is available to children over six months old, especially for children at high risk of serious influenza complications, such as chronic respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases and low immune functions. Vaccination time and attention: It is best to complete the vaccination before the annual flu season (generally from 9 to November) so as to provide effective protection for children during high influenza outbreaks. After the vaccination, an observation is made at the vaccination point for about 30 minutes to see if the child has an allergy, etc. In the days following the inoculation, the child may experience mild fever, inoculation pain, etc., which is a normal vaccine response and is usually self-relieved within 1-2 days. (ii) Good personal hygiene habits of daily preventive measures: educate children to wash their hands in an diligent manner, using soap or hand-washing fluids, and wash hands for at least 30 seconds in accordance with the correct method of hand-washing (seven steps). In particular, it is necessary to wash hands in a timely manner after taking a dump before dinner and after returning from work. At the same time, children are taught to avoid touching their eyes, noses and mouths with their hands, reducing the chances of the virus entering the body. Maintenance of indoor air flow: regular window ventilation, at least 2 – 3 per day, approximately 30 minutes each. Good ventilation reduces the concentration of indoor viruses and reduces the risk of infection. When ventilated, keep the child warm and avoid cold. Avoid exposure to the source of the infection: during the high-prevalence period of influenza, as few children as possible are taken to densely populated, poorly ventilated sites, such as malls, supermarkets, playgrounds, etc. If necessary, the child may wear a mask. If there is a suspected or confirmed case of influenza, the child should be kept as far away as possible. V. Treatment of influenza in children (i) general treatment of rest and isolation: after a child is infected with influenza, adequate rest is guaranteed, thus contributing to physical recovery. At the same time, in order to avoid the spread of the virus to others, it would be advisable to keep the children isolated at home until at least 24 hours after the body temperature has returned to normal. Supplementary water and nutrition: children are encouraged to drink more to prevent dehydration. The choice may be between warm water, juice (appropriate amount), oral rehydration salts, etc. At the same time, nutritious, digestible foods, such as rice congee, noodles, egg pasta, etc., are provided to ensure that the child receives sufficient energy and nutrients. (ii) Drug treatment of anti-virus drugs: the most effective is the early commencement of anti-influenza virus treatment within 36 – 48 hours of the onset of the disease. Children ‘ s anti-influenza virus drugs are currently commonly used in Ostawe, which determines appropriate doses according to the age and weight of the child. Generally, children aged 1 and over can use Ostave particles or capsules, and for children who are unable to oralize, there is an option for Ostawig-mixer. The treatment is usually five days. Treatment drugs: Some treatment drugs can be used for the symptoms of the child. Physical cooling can be used when the child is hot, e.g. a warm water rinsing baths, headers, deheating stickers, etc., if the temperature of the child is below 38.5 °C, and can be used, under the direction of a physician, as for acetaminophenol or broven. For cough symptoms, accelerants, such as ammonium bromine, acetyl centicarine, etc., may be used, but accelerants containing a codeine may not be used to inhibit breathing. Overall, the prevention and treatment of child influenza requires the common attention of parents and society. The risk of infecting children with influenza can be reduced through proactive preventive measures, while timely and correct treatment can reduce symptoms, reduce the incidence of complications and ensure the healthy development of the child after infection.