Elements and reflections for the Infective Nephrophageal Curve
Introduction
Infective kidney stones are one of the common and complex diseases of the urology system, which not only inflicts physical pain on patients, such as abdominal cramps, blood urine, etc., but may also cause serious systemic symptoms and even endanger life as a result of the spread of the infection. Treatment in the immediate surgery is essential for the rehabilitation of patients with infectious kidney stones, both in terms of the success of the operation and the pre-natal quality of the patient.
II. Pre-operative assessment and preparation
(i) Comprehensive medical assessment
For patients with infectious kidney stones, detailed information on the size, location, number and form of the stones is required prior to the operation. By means of videotaping, such as ultrasound, CT, and so on, the contours of the rock are precisely drawn. At the same time, the extent of the infection is assessed, including the white cell count in the blood routine, the ratio of neutral particles, the results of blood and urine cultivation. To assess kidney function, e.g. blood acetic anhydride, urea nitrogen levels, in order to determine the extent of kidney damage.
(ii) Control of infection
Pre-operative infection control is a key link. Based on the results of the sensitive tests, sensitive antibiotics are reasonably selected. There is a general need to consider surgery once the infection is effectively controlled, body temperature is normal and blood standards are improved. In cases where the disease is severe and the infection is difficult to control, the use of antibiotics may need to be prolonged or even combined. At the same time, patients are guaranteed a free flow of urine, which can first be placed in or through a pelvic renal puncture fistula for severely obstructed patients, in order to relieve internal pressure and reduce the absorption of bacteria and toxins.
(iii) Physical adjustment of patients
Improve the nutritional status of patients and improve the body ‘ s immunity. Active control of blood sugar and blood pressure is appropriate for patients who combine other basic diseases such as diabetes and hypertension. Patients are directed to respiration and bed defecation training to prepare for post-operative recovery.
III. Choice of surgical modalities and care
(i) Method of operation
At present, the most common methods of surgery include pebble removal through a leather kidney mirror (PCNL) and vasectomy. PCNL has better effects on the larger infectious kidney stones, but the risks of surgery are relatively high, especially in cases of infection, which can lead to serious complications such as sepsis. Vegetable tremors have the advantage of being small and quick to recover, and apply to some small and medium stones, but may not be completely removed from the complex. The choice of the procedure requires a combination of the characteristics of the stone and the patient ‘ s state of health.
(ii) Focus on key points
During the operation, the principle of sterile operation is strictly observed. In the case of PCNL, perforation should be carried out in such a way as to minimize damage to the surrounding tissue and blood vessels and reduce the risk of haemorrhage and spread of infection. In the process, low pressure in the kidneys is maintained, with high-flow injections combined with equipment attracted by negative pressure, and timely removal of rock debris and sept. For vasectomy, care should be taken to operate softly and to prevent complications such as perforation of the tube, while ensuring the effects of the rubble.
IV. Post-operative treatment and rehabilitation
(i) Continued anti-infection treatment
Antibiotics continue to be used after the operation, depending on the patient ‘ s body temperature, blood patterns, fluids, etc., and generally for a period of time, in order to completely eliminate the remaining bacteria and prevent the recurrence of the infection. The patient is closely monitored for symptoms such as hemorrhaging and pain in the waist, and if treated in an exceptional and timely manner.
(ii) Pipeline care
Post-operative patients often retain kidney fistulas, vasectomies, etc. It is necessary to properly fix the flow pipes to prevent distortion, pressure and fall. Close observation of the colour, volume and nature of the flow fluid, which, in case of sudden decrease or increase, red colour, etc., must be timely in order to find the cause. The proper removal of the catheter, as prescribed by the medical authorities, is generally considered after the fluid is bright and no signs of infection.
(iii) Rehabilitation guidance
Early de-bed activities are encouraged to promote gastrointestinal rehabilitation and blood circulation. To guide patients to drink more water and to maintain daily urine levels above 2000ml, which facilitate the release of residual rock debris and reduce the chances of infection. In diet, the dietary structure is adapted to the results of the analysis of the composition of the quarries, such as limiting the intake of acrylic acid-rich food for acoustic patients.
Conclusions
The treatment of infectious renal quarries is a systematic project that is closely linked, from an accurate pre-operative assessment and infection control, to careful selection and precision of the procedure, to proper post-operative treatment and rehabilitation guidance. It is only through strict control that the success rate of the operation can be improved, complications reduced, early recovery of the patient and a better quality of life for the patient. At the same time, medical personnel need to continue to learn from experience and to raise awareness and skill levels for the treatment of infectious renal quarries to better serve patients.
