Diagnosis of breast cancer is an integrated and multifaceted process that usually includes the following steps:
I. Clinical examination
Symptoms observation
Common symptoms include the loss of breast or lactose skin, red or dimpled breast skin, large lymphoma knots in armpits, and changes in breast size, shape, appearance, etc.
Medical examination
Doctors search for swellings or other anomalies by touching breast and armpit areas.
Observe the size, shape, mass and activity of the swelling.
Check if the nipples are ingested or have a secretion, if the collarbone or armpits are swollen, etc.
Medical history inquiries
Information about patients ‘ family history, menstruation history, reproductive history and breastfeeding history can help to assess the risk of disease.
Imaging
Breast X-ray (mixed)
The most common means of screening is the early detection of microtransformations in the breast. Sensitivity is about 70-90%.
Ultrasound Check
It is used to identify actual swelling and cystalosis, especially for young women. The accuracy rate is as high as 80% and 90%.
MRI
MRI is more sensitive to high-risk populations or complex cases, close to 95 per cent. However, the equipment is expensive and expensive. Pathological examinations
A stinger.
The tissue samples are obtained through needles or punctures, and pathological analyses are performed. This is the gold standard for detection of breast cancer, with an accuracy rate of over 95 per cent.
Cut off the biopsy.
A full analysis of suspected cases that cannot be clearly diagnosed through piercing may require partial or total removal.
Genetic testing: BRCA1 and BRCA2
These genetic mutations significantly increase the risk of breast cancer, which should be considered by members of high-risk families.
Multigenomics
More comprehensive risk assessments and individualized treatment programmes can be provided. In the light of the above, the diagnosis of breast cancer is a complex and detailed process, requiring a combination of the patient ‘ s symptoms, signs, results of visual and pathological examinations. It is recommended that a self-censorship and professional examination of the breast be conducted on a regular basis in order to detect potential problems in a timely manner and to treat them as soon as possible.
Further post-diagnostic assessment
Once diagnosed with breast cancer, further assessment is required to determine the stagening of the disease and to develop individualized treatment programmes. These assessments usually include: a comprehensive medical examination: a doctor conducts a full physical examination to assess whether the tumor has spread to other parts, such as lymphoma, lung, liver or bones. Blood testing: includes whole blood cell count, liver kidney function, electrolyte, tumor markers (e.g. CA15-3), etc. to assess the overall health of patients and the activity of the tumor.
Image check:
CT or PET-CT: helps to assess whether tumours have been transferred to other organs such as the lungs, liver or bones.
Bone scanning: used to detect the transfer of the bone system.
Hyperheart: The assessment of heart function is essential for patients planning to undergo chemotherapy.
Molecular stratification: Breast cancer can be divided into subtypes according to its molecular characteristics, such as Luminal A, Luminal B, Her2 Extremism and trine. These profiles are essential for selecting the best treatment options.
