How to prevent hypertension.

Routine monitoring of blood pressure — Periodic measurement: It is recommended that normal adults measure blood pressure at least once a year, and for those with high-risk factors such as high-tension family history, obesity, long-term high-salt diets, the frequency of measurement is increased, for example, every 3-6 months. Patients who have been diagnosed with high blood pressure shall, on the recommendation of the doctor, measure the blood pressure on a regular basis every day, for example, by choosing the periods of morning, afternoon and bedtime, so as to keep a record of the pressure fluctuations.Use of appropriate equipment: Selecting certified, high-precision sphygmomanometers, commonly e-sphygmomanometers and mercury sphygmomanometers (although the use of mercury sphygmomanometers requires professional operation and attention to environmental and safety issues). Properly wear cuffbands, measure according to operational instructions, ensure the accuracy of the results and provide a reliable basis for subsequent adjustment treatment programmes.Active control of blood pressure and lifestyle adjustments:Eating control: Following the principle of low-salt diet, reducing sodium salt intake, with daily salt intake best kept below 5 grams, while increasing the consumption of potassium, eating more fresh vegetables and fruits (such as bananas, oranges, spinachs, etc., which are rich in potassium), and whole grains, helping to stabilize blood pressure. Control of fat ingestion, reduction of saturated and trans-fat acid ingestion, such as less eating of animal internals, fried food, etc., to avoid obesity and reduce the risk of increased blood pressure.• Motivation: Aerobics with a medium intensity of at least 150 minutes per week, such as walking, jogging, swimming, cycling, etc., can be followed by appropriate force training, such as weight lifting, push-ups, etc. (subject to professional guidance). Sport helps to reduce body weight, enhance cardiovascular functions and help control blood pressure levels.• Prohibition of alcohol: smoking can cause vascular constriction, increased blood pressure and increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, so that smoking must be stopped. Overdrinking can also lead to higher blood pressure, with alcohol consumption of up to 25 grams per day for men and up to 15 grams for women (conversion of alcohol: alcohol g = alcohol consumption (ml) x alcohol levels x 0.8).Weight control: Maintain weight within normal limits through a combination of a reasonable diet and an appropriate amount of exercise, BMI (BMI) as far as possible between 18.5 and 23.9 kg/m2, obesity is one of the major risk factors for high blood pressure, and weight control is important for stabilizing blood pressure.Regularity: Maintain adequate sleep, ensure as much as possible a high-quality sleep of 7-8 hours per day, and avoid staying up late, overwork, etc., as chronic sleep can affect the neuroendocrine regulation of the body, leading to blood pressure fluctuations.Regulating drug treatment:• Medically prescribed medication: Patients diagnosed with high blood pressure must be treated on time and at the appropriate rate, in strict compliance with the programme established by the doctor, and must not be subject to any increase or reduction, substitution or self-disposal. Some patients feel free to stop when blood pressure is normal, which can easily lead to backsliding and increase the risk of complications such as hypertension.• Periodic re-examination: regular visits to the hospital, usually every 1-3 months (specifically based on the condition and the doctor ‘ s recommendation), and the doctor adjusts the dose or type of drug to ensure that the blood pressure is stable for the long term, depending on the condition of blood pressure control and the presence of adverse reactions, etc.The management of basic diseases: active treatment of secondary hypertension caused by diseases such as renal hypertension (e.g., nephrophrenia, narrow kidney artery, etc.), endocrine hypertension (e.g., chromosomal tumours), pregnancy hypertensive syndrome, etc.Control of other cardiovascular risk factors: In the case of diseases such as diabetes mellitus and high blood resin, active treatment is also required to prevent hypertensive cerebropathy by controlling the levels of blood sugar and blood resin, improving the overall cardiovascular health, reducing the adverse effects of hypertension on the brain vessels. Diabetes patients, for example, need to strictly control diets, rationally use sugar-reducing drugs, and keep sugared haemoglobins within a reasonable range (generally less than 7 per cent); high blood resin patients need to reduce blood resin levels, especially low-density protein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, through diet adjustments, exercise and, if necessary, the use of deflation drugs (different target values for different patients, with high-risk patients generally requiring control below 2.6mmol/L).Avoiding precipitating factors — emotional management: Maintaining a good mindset and avoiding violent emotional fluctuations, such as excessive stress, anxiety, anger, etc., which can give a sense of nervous excitement, lead to a sharp rise in blood pressure and increase the risk of hypertensive brain disease. Pressures and emotions can be tempered by listening to music, walking, communicating with friends, etc.• Avoiding sudden force: in daily life, every effort is made to avoid sudden force, such as the sudden removal of heavy loads, severe coughing and heavy defecation, which can lead to an instant increase in abdominal pressure, and can easily induce a sharp increase in blood pressure, which in turn can lead to hypertensive brain disease, which can normally prevent constipation by eating more of the flavour-rich food, and by developing good defecation habits.The above-mentioned comprehensive and multi-faceted preventive measures are effective in reducing the risk of hypertensive cerebropathy and in maintaining the cerebrovascular and overall health.