Intestinal infections are a common health problem caused by pathogens such as bacteria, viruses or parasites. These pathogens enter the human body through food, water or contact, and multiply in the intestinal tract, causing a series of digestive tract symptoms, even life-threatening in serious cases. Therefore, it is very important to prevent intestinal infection.
I. Overview
of Intestinal Infection
Intestinal infection is an inflammation or infection of the digestive tract caused by a variety of pathogens. These pathogens include, but are not limited to, bacteria (e.g., Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio cholerae, etc.), viruses (e.g., Norovirus, Rotavirus, Hepatitis a virus, etc.), and parasites (e.g., amoeba, roundworm, etc.). The symptoms of intestinal infection vary, including but not limited to diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain, fever, loss of appetite and so on. In severe cases, intestinal infections may lead to dehydration, electrolyte disorders, shock and even death.
2. Transmission route
of intestinal infection The transmission routes of
intestinal infection are varied, mainly including the following aspects:
Food-borne: Pathogens can be transmitted to humans through contaminated food. For example, eating raw or semi-raw contaminated seafood, aquatic products, or eating expired or spoiled food may lead to intestinal infections.
Water-borne transmission: Pathogens can be transmitted to humans through contaminated water sources. Intestinal infections can be caused by drinking raw water that has not been boiled or disinfected, or by using contaminated water sources for washing and cooking.
contact transmission: Pathogens can be transferred to humans through contact transmission. For example, close contact with an infected person, or touching contaminated objects (such as doorknobs, utensils, toys, etc.) And then eating without washing your hands can lead to intestinal infections.
Animal transmission: Certain intestinal infectious pathogens can be transmitted to humans through animals. For example, contact with infected pets or wild animals, or eating uncooked meat from infected animals, can trigger intestinal infections.
3. Preventive measure
of intestinal infection. The key to
prevent intestinal infection is to cut off the transmission route, improve personal hygiene awareness, strengthen environmental hygiene improvement, and develop good eating habits. Here are some specific preventive measure:
1. Strengthen food hygiene management
Choose safe ingredients: When buying ingredients, you should choose fresh and pollution-free ingredients. Avoid buying ingredients that are out of date, spoiled, or of unknown origin.
Clean food
thoroughly: Food should be thoroughly cleaned before cooking, especially raw fruits and vegetables. At the same time, attention should be paid to the separation of raw and cooked food to avoid cross-contamination.
Thoroughly cooked food: Food should be thoroughly cooked before eating, especially meat, seafood and aquatic products, which are easy to carry pathogens. High temperature can kill most pathogens and reduce the risk of infection.
Store food properly: The remaining food should be stored in the refrigerator in time and eaten as soon as possible. The low temperature of refrigerator can only delay the growth of bacteria, but can not completely sterilize. Therefore, it should be reheated until the center temperature reaches more than 70 C before eating.
2. Improving drinking water conditions
Protect the water source: strengthen the management of the water source protection area to prevent the water source from being polluted. For rural areas and poor areas, drinking water conditions should be improved to provide safe drinking water.
Boil drinking water: Drinking water should be boiled before drinking. Boiling kills most pathogens and reduces the risk of infection.
3. Raise awareness
of personal hygiene Wash hands
frequently: Develop the habit of washing hands before meals and after defecation. Wash hands with soap and running water for at least 20 seconds, especially after contact with contaminants or animals.
Do not overeat: Avoid overeating or eating unclean food. Reasonable diet to ensure balanced nutrition.
Reduce the intake of raw and cold food: minimize the intake of raw and cold food. Raw food must be washed and cooked as much as possible before eating.
4. Strengthen environmental sanitation improvement
.
Garbage classification and transportation: strengthen the work of garbage classification and transportation, and improve the sanitary standards of garbage treatment facilities.
Eliminate mosquito and fly breeding sites: keep the environment clean and eliminate mosquito and fly breeding sites. Mosquitoes and flies are one of the vectors of intestinal infection pathogens, so they should regularly clean up the breeding sites of mosquitoes and flies such as garbage and stagnant water.
Strengthen the sanitation supervision of public places: strengthen the sanitation supervision of public toilets, markets, schools and other public places to ensure public health safety.
5. Develop good eating habits
Balanced diet: Advocate a balanced diet, increase the intake of vegetables and fruits, and reduce the intake of high-fat and high-sugar foods.
Avoid expired and spoiled food: avoid eating expired, spoiled and unclean food. These foods may carry a large number of pathogens and increase the risk of infection.
Pay attention to tableware hygiene: tableware should be regularly disinfected to avoid the use of contaminated tableware.
6. Vaccination
Vaccination: For some intestinal infectious diseases, such as cholera, rotavirus infection, there are effective vaccines available for vaccination. Vaccination should be considered in high-risk groups to reduce the risk of infection.
IV. Summary
Preventing intestinal infection is a long-term and arduous task. By strengthening food hygiene management, improving drinking water conditions, improving personal hygiene awareness, strengthening environmental hygiene renovation, developing good eating habits and vaccination, we can effectively reduce the risk of intestinal infection. At the same time, the government, all sectors of society and the public should work together to strengthen cooperation and exchanges, jointly improve the provention and control capacity of intestinal infection, and ensure human health and safety.
