Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease, GERD is a disease caused by a gastrointestinal inflow, which can lead to oesophagus disease, rotting and even ulcer. GERD is one of the most common diseases in the digestive system. Depending on the reflux substance, it can be divided into acid reflux and non-acid reflux, of which acid reflux is most common.
I. Clinical performance
1. Cardiac heart: This is the most typical symptom, and the patient feels the heat behind the chest, which usually increases after meals or at night when he/she sleeps.
2. Anti-acid: Patients often feel their stomach content is retorted to the throat, sometimes with acid or bitter taste.
chest pain: Some patients suffer from post-branch pain, which requires identification with heart pain.
4. Difficulties of swallowing: Long-term backsliding can lead to narrow edible pipes and difficulties of swallowing.
5. Symptoms of the throat: such as hissing, chronic coughing, larynitis, etc., which may be associated with anti-continental irritation of the throat.
6. Other oesophagus symptoms: cough, asthma, etc.
II. EMERGENCY MECHANISMS:
1. Impairment of the oesophagus: The oesophagus under the oesophagus (Lower Esophatic Sphincter, LES) are an important barrier to the counter-influencing of stomach contents. When LES functions are weakened or laxity is frequent, gastric acids and gastric contents are prone to reverse flow to the oesophagus, causing inflammation.
Reduced oesophagus clean-up capacity: Reduced oesophagus virulent function, resulting in longer stay time of retrovenant in the oesophagus and increased risk of mucous membrane damage.
3. Delays in stomach emptiness: Delays in stomach emptiness increase the pressure in the stomach and increase the likelihood of retour.
4. Absorption of the edible mucous membrane defence: The reduced edible mucous membrane barrier reduces its resistance to acids.
III. Incentives:
Dietary factors: High-fat food, coffee, alcohol, chocolate, etc. can reduce LES pressure and promote reversal.
Obesity: The accumulation of abdominal fat increases the abdominal pressure and causes a reversal of the stomach content.
3. Tobacco use: nicotine in tobacco can reduce LES pressure and increase the risk of reversal.
Four. Pregnancy: Changes in hormonal levels during pregnancy and increased uterus pressure on the stomach, increasing the incidence of reverses.
5. Certain drugs, such as calcium route retardants, sedatives, etc., can reduce LES pressure.
6. Anatomical structural anomalies: Esophagus, for example, can damage the LES function and increase the risk of reverse flow.
IV. Diagnosis
1. History of the disease: a detailed inquiry into the patient ‘ s symptoms, eating habits and lifestyle.
2. Endoscopy: A gastrointestinal examination allows direct observation of oesophagus inflammation, rot or ulcer, which is the gold standard for the diagnosis of GERD.
3. 24-hour pH monitoring: Recording of acid invertebrates within the oesophate within 24 hours by placing pH electrodes in the oesophagus helps to assess the frequency and extent of the reverse flow.
4. Esophagus control: measure pressure of the cesophagus under the oesophagus and oscillation of the oesophagus, and understand the dynamic state of the oesophagus.
Treatment:
1. Lifestyle adjustments:
Dietary management: avoids high-fat food, irritating foods such as coffee, alcohol, small amounts of extra meals, and avoids oversaturated meals within two to three hours before sleeping.
2 Body weight management: maintain healthy body weight and reduce abdominal fat.
3. Quit smoking: Quit smoking helps to reduce backsliding.
4 Sleeping position adjustment: Raise the bed head, maintain a slightly higher position and reduce the night reverse.
2. Drug treatment:
1. Potassium Ion Competitive Acid Interdictions (PCABs): Vonora, Tegla, etc., are the latest generation of acidic acids, which are more easy to take without dietary effects.
Proton Pump Repressants (PPIs): Omerazole, Ramsolazi, etc., require pre-dinning.
3. H2 receptor stressor: Reneytide, Famotide, etc. can also reduce stomach acidicity but have a relatively weak effect.
4. Promotive drugs, such as Dopanite, Moshapuri etc., can enhance oesophagus and LES pressure and accelerate stomach emptiness.
5. Anti-acids such as magnesium aluminum carbonate, aluminium hydroxide, etc., can moderate gastric acids and abate symptoms.
Surgical treatment: Surgical treatment may be considered for patients whose medication is ineffective or cannot withstand it.
Prevention:
Healthy diet: balanced diet, avoiding stimulating food and maintaining good eating habits.
2. Motivated exercise: Regular exercise at a reasonable level to maintain physical health.
3. Restraint: reduce stress and avoid mood fluctuations.
Diarrhoea.
