The New Test of Antibacterial Medicine for Pneumonia.
Pneumonia, as a common and potentially life-threatening disease, continues to be one of the key components of antibacterial treatment.
Overview and challenges of pneumonia
Pneumonia is defined as end-of-life gas, pneumoconiosis and inter-pulmonary inflammation that can be caused by a variety of pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi and nuclei. Depending on the place of infection, they can be divided into communities with access to pneumonia and hospitals with access to pneumonia. Community access to pneumonia is usually caused by pathogens such as pneumocococcus, haemophilus influenzae, and pneumocyrina, while hospital access to pneumonia is mostly caused by drug-resistant bacteria such as copper cystasy, Bowman’s non-activated bacterium, and methoxoxoxylin-yellic.
With the widespread application of antibiotics, the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria is a major challenge for pneumonia treatment. In addition, the treatment of pneumonia is further complicated by the physical characteristics of specific groups, such as the elderly, children, the under-immunisation, etc.
II. Basis for the choice of antibacterial drugs
1. Pathogen detection
Accurate identification of pathogens is an important basis for the selection of antibacterial drugs. Pneumonia pathogens can be identified through sapling, blood culture, bronchial pneumocneal immersion. Diagnosis can be carried out using serometry, molecular biology, etc. for a number of pathogens that are difficult to cultivate, e.g. viruses, paragens, etc.
2. Extent of the condition
The severity of pneumonia varies, as does the choice of antibacterial drugs. For patients with light pneumonia, oral antibacterial drugs, such as Amoxilin, Achicillin, etc., may be selected; for patients with severe pneumonia, the choice is made for intravenous antibacterial drugs, such as carbon cyanide, trigenes, etc.
3. Basic diseases and special circumstances of patients
Patients ‘ basic illnesses and special circumstances also affect the choice of anti-bacterial drugs. For example, patients suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, who are vulnerable to pathogens such as haemophilus influenzae, crebercus pneumonia, need to choose antibacterial drugs that are effective for these pathogens, and patients with kidney deficiencies need to choose antibacterial drugs that are less toxic to their kidneys.
Classification and characteristics of commonly used antibacterial drugs
1. Beta-neamide antibiotics
(1) Penicillin: represented by penicillin G and Amorim. penicillin G has a strong microbicide effect on gland-positive fungus, such as pneumococcus, but it has a weaker effect on gland-negative fungi. Amosilin has a broad antibacterial spectrum, with some antibacterial activity for both the Grelan positive and the Gremex.
(ii) Haemorrhoids: four generations. The first generation of enzymes is used mainly for the treatment of gland positive fungi infections; the second generation of enzymes has some anti-bacteria activity for both the geland positive fungi and the geland vaginal fungi; the third generation of enzyme is more anti-bacterial for the geland vaginal fungi and less effective for the geland positive fungi; and the fourth generation of enzymes are more anti-bacterial for the gelandian and glandian fungi.
(3) Carbon cyanide: e.g. ammonium, meropenan, etc. Wide-scale and effective antibacterial activity, with strong microbicides for most grelan positives, grelan vaginal bacteria and anaerobics, is an important drug for the treatment of acute pneumonia.
2. Large ringed ester antibiotics
Represented by Archicillin, erythrin. Atypical pathogens, such as pneumocorogens and chlamydia, have better antibacterial activity. In recent years, however, the resistance of the pneumonia styroids to the Great Ringed Iester drug has gradually increased and requires attention.
3. Antibiotics of quinone
It’s like a left oxen fluoride, a moxie. The advantages of antibacterial spectroscopy, antibacterial activity, good oral absorption, and better antibacterial activity for gland positives, gland vaginal bacteria, atypical pathogens, etc. However, quinone-type drugs may affect cartilage development and are generally not used in children and pregnant women.
4. Amino-cyanide antibiotics
It’s like Qing Dynamite, Amikane. It has a strong antibacterial activity. However, amino-sugar-type drugs have ear and kidney toxicity and should be used with care to monitor adverse effects.
Joint application of antibacterial drugs
In some cases, there is a need for joint application of antibacterial drugs to improve treatment effectiveness. For example, for persons with severe pneumonia, the combined use of β-neamide and quinone-type antibiotics may be required to cover potential pathogens, while for patients with drug-resistant infections, the joint use of two or more antibacterial drugs may be required to enhance antibacterial effectiveness.
However, there are also a number of risks associated with the joint application of antibacterial drugs, such as increasing the incidence of adverse drug reactions, leading to the emergence of bacterial resistance. Therefore, in the joint application of anti-bacterial drugs, the adaptive certificate should be strictly developed to avoid unnecessary joint use.
V. Treatment of antibacterial drugs
The treatment of antibiotics for pneumonia should be based on such factors as the severity of the condition, the type of pathogen, and the underlying disease of the patient. In general, community access to treatment for sexually transmitted pneumonia is 7 – 14 days; hospital access to treatment for sexually transmitted pneumonia is relatively long and may take 10 – 14 days or more. In the case of patients with severe pneumonia, the treatment process may need to be extended to ensure that the pathogens are completely eliminated and that there is no recurrence.
In the course of treatment, the patient ‘ s symptoms, signs, laboratory results, etc. should be closely observed, and the treatment programme adjusted in a timely manner in the light of the changing circumstances. If the patient ‘ s symptoms are significantly improved, the temperature normal, the white cell count and the C reaction indicators of inflammation, etc., fall, and pulmonary imaging tests show an improvement in the absorption of inflammation, a stop drug may be considered.
VI. Attention to antibacterial treatment
Strict mastery of adaptation certificates
The use of anti-bacterial drugs should be strictly documented to avoid abuse. For pneumonia caused by viral infections, such as influenza virus, coronary virus, etc., antibacterial drugs are generally not required.
Note the adverse effects of drugs
Antibacterial drugs can cause adverse reactions such as allergies, damage to liver and kidney function, gastrointestinal response, etc. When using anti-bacterial drugs, the adverse reactions of patients should be closely observed and treatment programmes adjusted in a timely manner.
3. Prevention of bacterial resistance
Prolonged and irrational use of antibacterial drugs can lead to bacterial resistance. In order to prevent the creation of bacterial resistance, antibacterial drugs should be used strictly in accordance with medical prescriptions, avoiding self-inflicted dosages and detoxifications, and, at the same time, the abuse of unwanted combinations and broad spectrum antibacterial drugs.
4. Medical attention for special population groups
For special groups such as the elderly, children, pregnant women, and breastfeeding women, appropriate antibacterial drugs should be selected in accordance with their physiological characteristics and special circumstances, and attention should be paid to their doses and adverse reactions.
In short, anti-bacterial treatment is one of the important means of treating pneumonia. In the selection of antibacterial drugs, sensitive and effective antibacterial drugs should be selected on the basis of a combination of the type of pneumonia, the type of pathogens, the severity of the condition, the underlying disease of the patient and special circumstances. In the course of treatment, changes in the patient ‘ s condition should be closely observed, treatment programmes should be adjusted in a timely manner, the adverse effects of anti-bacterial drugs should be monitored and bacterial resistance prevented to ensure safe and effective treatment.
