Wang Xiaobin, a medical physician at the county hospital
I. Clinical application of antibacterial quinone
(i) Clinical scope of application
It is well known that quinone-type drugs are clinically available and are widely used. Respiratory infections, especially lower respiratory infections, such as pneumocococcus, haemophilus influenzae, etc., have had better effects in bronchitis and pneumonia. Thus, it is effective in mitigating the symptoms of cough, fever and so forth, inhibiting bacteria from growing and growing, and enabling early recovery. In the urinary-reproductive tract infections, the effects are significant for common pathogens such as intestinal echella, transformacicella, vescitis, renal and urethitis. It provides a quick relief for the patient ‘ s discomfort with urine pains, urination frequency, etc., and removes the bacteria from the urea. In the area of intestinal infections, bacterial dysentery, intestinal intestine, etc., can be treated to help patients mitigate symptoms such as diarrhoea and reduce the number of intestinal pathogens. This has led to a rapid improvement in the stomach and intestinal disorders of patients.
(ii) Mechanisms for clinical functioning
Drugs such as quinone mainly inhibit bacterial DNA rotor enzymes (bacterium expulsion isomerase II) and isomerase IV, hindering the reproduction, transfer and rehabilitation of bacterial DNA and thus the effects of microbicide. This unique mechanism of action makes it highly lethal to bacteria during their growth and reproduction, and enables rapid control of infection.
II. Care in clinical application of quinone-type drugs
(i) The adverse effects of drugs
1. Gastrointestinal reaction: This is a relatively common adverse reaction, and patients may suffer from conditions such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhoea. Some of these symptoms are relatively minor and may affect the feeding and nutritional absorption of patients, requiring attention when using drugs.
2. Central nervous system response: Some patients may suffer from headaches, dizziness, insomnia, convulsion, etc. In particular, older persons and patients with a history of diseases in the central nervous system are more likely to appear and may seriously affect their nervous system function and daily life.
3. Photo-sensitization: After the use of quinone-type drugs, skin exposure to sunlight may result in red spots, oedema, itching, etc. Patients should try to avoid exposure to sunlight for long periods of time during their medication and should be protected if they need to go out.
4. Cartilage damage: In animal experiments, quinone-type drugs can cause damage to the joint cartilage of young animals and should therefore be carefully used or disabled among children, pregnant women and lactating women in order not to affect bone development.
(ii) Interaction between drugs in clinical treatment
1. Interactions with metal ion: quinone-type drugs can react to metallic ions such as calcium, zinc, iron, magnesium and thus reduce drug absorption. Therefore, the use of preparations containing these metal ions, such as anti-acid treatment, should be avoided in combination with the quinone-type drugs. If so, the effect should be appropriate at a certain time.
2. Interaction with other drugs: Co-use with tea alkali drugs may increase blood concentration of tea alkali, lead to tea alkali poisoning, symptoms of heart disorder, nausea, vomiting, etc. Combining with inflammatory drugs may increase the risk of central nervous system excitement and epilepsy.
(iii) Drugs for special population groups
1. Older persons: Due to the decline in liver and kidney function of older persons, drug excretion is slow and can easily produce a certain amount of accumulation in the body, leading to adverse effects. Therefore, the dose and the number of times used for quinone-type drugs should be adjusted to the liver and kidney function.
2. Children: In view of possible cartilage damage, use is not generally recommended except in exceptional circumstances.
3. Pregnant and lactating women: This group should prohibit the use of quinone-type drugs, which may affect the development of the foetus or infant through placental barriers or milk.
In the light of the above, clinical antibacterial treatments using quinone-type antibacterial drugs should be reasonably used and must take due account of their adverse effects, the interaction of drugs and the characteristics of specific population groups to ensure their safety and effectiveness.
