Breast cancer is one of the most common malignant neoplasms in women, with an increasing incidence in recent years. This chapter will describe the basic concept of breast cancer, the state of its occurrence and the high risk factors. I. What’s breast cancer? Breast cancer is a malignant tumour occurring in breast tissues, mainly among women, with a lower incidence among men. It is the highest incidence of cancer among women worldwide and a serious threat to their health. Breast cancer occurs due to an abnormal increase in breast cells, tumours and possible spread to other parts of the body. Second, the incidence of breast cancer is increasing globally, especially in China, where the incidence of breast cancer has increased more than in the countries of Europe and the United States, making it the first killer of women ‘ s health. The latest cancer report of the World Health Organization (WHO) for 2020 shows that breast cancer has surpassed lung cancer and is the world ‘ s largest cancer. Globally, 18.4 per cent of new cases of breast cancer occur in China, and about 60 per cent of breast cancer patients are HR+, Her2-. The incidence of breast cancer, which is a high risk factor, is associated with a number of factors, including genetic factors, menstrual fertility, a history of good mammary diseases, family concentration, lifestyle, hormone levels, ionizing radiation, dietary habits, obesity and physical exercise, mental factors, etc. 3.1 Genetic breast cancer accounts for 5-7 per cent of all breast cancer. BRCA1 and BRCA2 genetic mutations are the cause of most hereditary breast and ovarian cancers. Among the general population, 9.4 per cent of young breast cancer patients under 35 years of age have a mutation of the BRCA gene; 12 per cent of those under 45 years of age with a primary family relative suffer from breast cancer. 3.2 The risk of breast cancer is 1.7 times higher among persons with first-degree family relatives and three times higher among persons with first-degree relatives. 3.3 The incidence of breast cancer will increase in the following years if patients have undergone a procedure for a good breast disease. The risk of breast cancer in atypical catheters increases by a factor of four to five times, when the moderate pathology increases the risk of breast cancer. 3.4 There is a high risk of breast cancer among women of early and early age, with the United States reporting a 20 per cent reduction in the risk of delayed one-year-old breast cancer. The levels of estrogen are higher among women of early childbearing age, with a shorter menstruation cycle. 3.5 A lifestyle that is unhealthy, such as smoking, alcohol and lack of exercise, increases the risk of breast cancer. 3.6 Imbalances in hormone-level external hormones (e.g., contraceptives) and internal hormones (e.g., menstruation cycles) also increase the risk of breast cancer. 3.7 Long-term exposure to ionizing radiation in the ionizing radiation environment, such as radiotherapy, also increases the risk of breast cancer. 3.8 A diet with high fat, sugar and heat increases the risk of breast cancer, while a diet with high fibres helps to reduce the risk.
3.9 Obesity and obese physical activity are high risk factors for breast cancer, while appropriate physical activity helps to reduce risk. 3.10 Long-term mental stress and anxiety can also increase the risk of breast cancer. By understanding the high risk factors of breast cancer, female friends can take active preventive measures to reduce the risk of disease.
