Breasts, as an important part of women ‘ s bodies, are not only a matter of women ‘ s physical well-being but also have far-reaching psychological and quality of life implications. However, mammography is a constant threat to the health of the breast, from a common increase in breast cancer to a frightening breast, and knowledge about mammography is essential for women. This general science article will provide an in-depth overview of breast diseases and help women and their families to better understand, prevent and respond to them. Breast cancer is the most common malignant neoplasm in women, with rates ranging from 55 to 60 per cent when carrying a BRCA1/2. In the United States, there has been a slight increase in the incidence of breast cancer in recent years, but mortality rates have declined, with 271,270 cases of breast cancer and 42,260 deaths in 2019. In our country, breast cancer has become the leading and second-highest malignant neoplasm in urban and rural areas, with an increasing incidence in both urban and rural areas, and may be closely related to long-term exposure to breast cancer. Although the mortality rate for breast cancer among women has stabilized in urban and rural areas, it remains at 73 per cent in five years. Global: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), global breast cancer cases reached around 2.26 million in 2020, accounting for 24.5 per cent of all female cancers. Incidence varies from one region to another, with relatively high rates in developed countries and regions such as Europe and the United States, for example, one in eight women in the United States has breast cancer in their lifetime. The situation in China: In recent years, the incidence of breast cancer in China has been rising year by year. In 2020, there were about 420,000 new cases of breast cancer in China, and the incidence rate was about 391 per 100,000, the highest incidence of malignant neoplasm among women. Global breast cancer mortality: In 2020, there were approximately 685,000 cases of breast cancer deaths worldwide, representing 15.5 per cent of all cancer deaths among women. However, global breast cancer mortality rates are declining or stabilizing in some parts of the world as the level of early diagnosis and integrated treatment increases. China: In 2020, there were approximately 120,000 cases of breast cancer deaths in China, and the death rate was about 9.9 per 100,000.
It should be noted that these data are based on large-scale statistics and that actual data may change over time, advances in diagnostic techniques and changes in prevention and treatment measures. Although there are no direct causes of death in the case of benign breast diseases, such as breast growth, mammitis and mammoma, they have a certain impact on women ‘ s health and quality of life, and early detection, diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer are more common among the population, improving both the pre-natal and survival quality of patients and reducing their financial burden, so it is necessary to devise reasonable preventive measures to adapt to the conditions of the population at high risk of breast cancer in the country. The incidence and mortality of breast cancer is also very alarming. 1. Lifestyle guidance 1.1 Maintenance of body quality and appropriate exercise Epidemiological studies show that appropriate physical exercise reduces the morbidity and mortality rates of tumours (e.g. bladder cancer, breast cancer, colon cancer, intrauterine cancer, cuisine cancer, stomach cancer, kidney cancer, etc.) and, for breast cancer, moderate to high levels of activity reduces the risk of morbidity by 10 to 25 per cent. Although no specific form and intensity of the movement has yet been defined, it is essential to establish guidelines for the prevention of cancer that dosage-response relationships or the maintenance of body mass (body mass index 18.5 – 23.9 kg/m2). The population aged 18-64 recommends a minimum of 150-min medium-intensity campaigns per week (approximately 5 per week, 30 per cent per week) or 75 per cent high-intensity aerobics, with two sexual trainings; the population aged 65 should, to the extent possible, exercise according to the above recommendations and, in the case of a combination of chronic diseases that limit mobility, the time and intensity of the exercise should be adjusted in accordance with medical guidance. Research shows that unhealthy eating habits (over-ingestion of red and processed meat, sugary beverages and salty snacks, starch foods and refined carbohydrates) increase the risk of breast cancer. The whole diet found that red meat, processed meat, eggs, butter, sweets and animal fats increased the risk of breast cancer, while green vegetables, fruits, fresh fish and dairy products were protective. Reasonable diets can be seen, with particular attention to the addition of fresh vegetables and vegetables, and the restriction of red meat intake, which has an immeasurable effect on breast cancer prevention. A study to evaluate the relationship between smoking and alcohol consumption and the risk of breast cancer found that high levels of alcohol ingestion can increase estrogen levels while increasing membrane penetration and the risk of breast cancer. The risk of breast cancer increased by 32 per cent after ingestion of alcohol from 35 to 44 g/d, even if it was small (10 alcohol per day). Therefore, it is recommended to stop drinking, even if a small amount of alcohol is consumed, to avoid long-term ingestion, which does not exceed 25 g/d for adult males and 15 g/d for females. 1.3 Breastfeeding Studies show that breastfeeding reduces the risk of breast cancer during pregnancy by 10 per cent. Breastfeeding reduces the risk of incisive mammography by 6 per cent for every 12 months. Studies have shown that breastfeeding has some benefits for maternal and child health, for the prevention of non-communicable diseases such as breast cancer, ovarian cancer and diabetes, for the promotion of mental development in infants and young children and for the reduction of overweight and obesity, and that protection is more evident if the conditions for breastfeeding continue for two years.
Risk assessment models and risk group definitions (i) risk assessment models for breast cancer will quantify the high-risk factors associated with breast cancer and will provide a numerical assessment of the cancer risk of the patient and facilitate tiered management of the population. Risk assessment models are numerous and most commonly used are the Gail model from Harvard University ‘ s queue study. The Gail model contains risk factors for breast cancer, including age, history of breast disease, family history, onset age, primary birth age, mammography, ethnicity, etc., which can be used to assess the risk of breast cancer in an individual within five years and for life. There is a high risk of morbidity of 1.67 per cent within five years. The Gail model had the advantages of ease and accuracy and had been calibrated for the population of Asia and the Pacific in 2011. The Gail model is also being improved to include, on an initial basis, personal health data related to breast cancer and to improve the accuracy of risk predictions. (ii) The definition of the high-risk population for breast cancer, in conjunction with the relevant documentation of the NCCN, the China Society against Cancer and the Chinese Association of Doctors, recommended that the definition of the high-risk population for breast cancer in China be as follows: (1) a clear genetic tendency for breast cancer, i.e. breast cancer or ovarian cancer before the age of 50 for first-degree relatives and ovarian cancer for two second-degree relatives; the carrying of the BRCA mutation gene for first-degree relatives; (2) a patient who has previously been certified by a mammography as a non-typical increase in the birth or original cancer of small leaves; (3) a history of breast immersion before the age of 30; (4) a high-risk population assessed by the Gail model (1.67 per cent). III. What is the role of Chinese medicine in breast treatment? Endocrine regulation: The occurrence of breast disease is considered by Chinese doctors to be closely related to dyslexia in the liver, spleen, kidney, etc., as well as poor flow of blood, wet condensation and lack of sense. By adjusting the overall function of the human body and restoring the balance of blood, Chinese medicine has the aim of eliminating causes, mitigating symptoms and preventing relapse. Cursing tumour cell growth: Some Chinese drugs have a direct effect on tumour cell growth. For example, vegol in red bean sprouts has a significant effect on breast cancer, ovarian cancer, etc., and has some effect on tumours in the urology system, tumours in the neck and tumours in the gastrointestinal tract. Increased immunity of the organism: Some Chinese medicine regulates human immunisation, anti-oncological vascular production, etc. For example, virginity regulates human immunisation, inhibits the genetic expression of cancer, anti-oncological vascular production, anti-tumour transfer, etc. Improved blood circulation: Drugs in Chinese medicine work through multiple pathways to improve blood circulation and promote metabolism and rehabilitation of local tissues. Symptoms and side effects mitigation: Chinese medicine can also be used to alleviate carcinogenic pain and to mitigate radioactive damage, such as white thallium, which has good pain relief and is often used to alleviate carcinogenic pain. Individualized treatment: The treatment of breast diseases in Chinese medicine is based on a holistic approach, and individualized treatment programmes are developed by means of an examination of the patient ‘ s condition, physical condition, medical condition and causes. Low side effects and high safety: the treatment of breast diseases in Chinese medicine is based on non-surgical treatments such as Chinese soup, acupuncture, administration, etc., with minor injuries to the patient ‘ s body and less side effects, and is safer and more reliable than the treatments in Western medicine such as surgery, chemotherapy, and treatment. There is a high rate of cure and a low rate of relapse: medium-level medical treatment can accurately identify the causes of the disease, completely cure breast disease and avoid recurrence. At the same time, Chinese medicine improves the health of patients, improves their physical resistance and reduces the incidence of breast disease. v. One of the most common faults in breast disease: breast pain is explained by breast cancer: Breast pain is a common symptom of breast disease, but in most cases it is not breast cancer. Breast procreation is the most common cause of breast pain, which is often associated with menstruation cycles, which are exacerbated and mitigated. Breast pain is also associated with breast ailments, accompanied by signs of inflammation such as red fever. Early breast cancer, which is usually pain-free and mostly pain-free, cannot be judged on the basis of breast pain alone to avoid excessive anxiety. Mistake two: Touching the mammogram is the explanation for cancer: there are many possibilities for mammograms. Adenomas of mammograms are common benign bulges with strong physical strength, clear boundaries and high activity levels; they are often multi-prevalence, dysentery and difficult to define with the surrounding tissue, but can become softer after menstruation. Breast cancer, which is thick and hard, with unclear borders and poor activity, is inaccurate by touch alone and requires further examination, such as ultrasound, molybdenum target or biopsy.
