Introduction to respiratory aerosols

Respiratory system diseases, particularly chronic respiratory diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), have become significant global problems that seriously affect human health. With advances in medical science and technology, the variety of drug treatments has become increasingly diversified, and aerosols, as an important means of drug delivery, have become an important tool in the treatment of patients because of their significant effects in the respiratory system. This paper will provide a brief introduction to the basic concepts, mechanisms of action, methods of use and care for respiratory aerosols. What’s the respiratory aerosol? Aerosols are a pharmaceutical formulation that converts drugs to small particles (aerosol particles) through fogization techniques. These small particles can quickly enter the lung through the gasway, thus directly affecting the respiratory and lung tissues, and the therapeutic effects of the drug. Common respiratory aerosols include inhalation steroids (ICS), bronchial expansion agents (e.g. short-acting β2 receptor agonists), anticholines, etc. Unlike oral or injectable drugs, aerosols directly affect the pathological respiratory tract by inhalation, more accurately conveying the drug to the air, reducing the side effects of the drug on the whole body and enhancing its efficacy. The aerosol works through the aerosols and transforms it into small aerosol particles, which enter the airways and are absorbed into the lungs when the patient inhales the aerosol. The drugs reach the target area through the respiratory tract, mainly in the following ways: 1 and bronchial expansion: for example, β2 agonists can improve the air flow and reduce respiratory difficulties by receptors of β2 which act as a bronchial smooth muscles, mitigate aerobic convulsions, and expand the bronchials. 2. Inflammatory effects: Steroids reduce the inflammation of gas tracts by reducing their inflammation, their allergies and susceptibility, and their long-term use reduces acute onset of asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 3. Reduction of sting fluids: Some aerosols (e.g. anticholine drugs) can reduce sting fluids, reduce gas tract congestion and improve breathing. By releasing drugs directly in the respiratory and lung tracts, aerosols can significantly increase the local concentration of the drugs and thus their treatment. Common respiratory aerosols: 1. Inhaled steroids (ICS) inhaled steroids are commonly used drugs to control respiratory inflammation, prevent acute asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Steroids can effectively reduce the response to chronic inflammation in the airways and are the cornerstone of long-term treatment for asthma patients. Common inhalation steroids include: Pulamicort, Flixotide, etc. The main advantage of inhalation steroids is that they can act directly in the respiratory tract by inhalation and reduce the side effects of the whole body, but control doses are still required for long-term use. Short-acting β2 receptor agonist (SABA) short-acting β2 agonist is a type of drug that can rapidly expand bronchials and mitigate acute respiratory difficulties. They ease aerobic convulsions quickly through β2 receptors that act on bronchies, relaxing smooth muscles. Common short-acting β2 receptor agonists include Ventolin and Bricanyl, which are commonly used to mitigate acute symptoms or prevent asthma caused by the movement. 3. Long-acting β2 receptor agonist (LABA) has a long-activated β2 agonist effect that lasts longer and is usually used to control the symptoms of chronic asthma or COPD patients. Commonly available β2 agonists include Foradil and Serevent, which are commonly used in combination with inhalation steroids to better control inflammation and prevent relapse. Anti-choline drugs can reduce bronchial urchins and reduce bronchial convulsions by inhibiting the psychosis. These drugs are often used in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), such as ammonium isopropobromote (Atrovent) and anticholine drugs, such as thortobromommonium (Spiriva), which help to improve the respiratory function of the COPD patients by reducing sapulents and reducing the contraction of the gas route. How can respiratory aerosols be used correctly? The correct method of use is to ensure that aerosol drugs achieve optimal therapeutic effects and minimize side effects. Common aerosol use methods include: 1, use of inhalers: most aerosols are used through specialized inhalers. A smoother drug is needed before it is used to ensure its equitable distribution. Patients should take deep breath and then quickly press the inhaler and inhal the drug while inhaling to ensure that it enters the air. Inhalation should not be held up and should be smooth and deep. 2. Use of quantitative inhalation devices (MDI): For quantitative inhalers (MDIs), use should be accompanied by the use of inhaler attachments (e.g. space vehicles), which can help reduce the risk of drug deposition in the mouth and throat and increase the efficiency of the entry of drugs into the lungs. Aerosols are usually used at specific doses and frequencies, and patients should use them in accordance with medical guidance to avoid overuse or leakage. Attention to the use of aerosols: 1. Keep appliances clean: Inhalers and other equipment should be regularly cleaned after use to prevent the effects of subsequent use of drug residues. The different methods of cleaning the inhaler vary, and the patient should be cleaned on the basis of instructions or medical guidance. 2. Compliance with medical instructions: avoiding overdependence on first aid drugs: Long-term overdependence, such as short-acting β2 agonists (SABA), can mask the increase in the condition, leading to instability. Thus, long-term asthma control drugs (e.g. inhalation steroids) should be used in conjunction with first aid drugs. 3. Warning side effects: Despite the strong local effects of inhaled drugs, the long-term use of steroids can lead to side effects such as oral fungus infections (e.g. pyrochlor infections) and, therefore, after use, the mouth is cleaned and oral cleaning is maintained. 4. Time for medication: Avoiding the use of inhaled drugs before or immediately after bedtime, which reduces side effects and improves drug efficacy. Conclusion: Aerosols, as the core drug for treatment of respiratory diseases, have been widely used in the treatment of respiratory diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, based on the advantage of their local efficacy and the reduction of all body side effects. Knowledge of how aerosols work, how to use them properly and how to take care of them will help patients better manage their condition and maintain a good quality of life. Continued adherence to the doctor ‘ s treatment programme, as well as patience and care in the use of aerosols, are key to successful treatment.