Classification of antibacterial drugs
Antibacterial drugs are a powerful weapon in the fight against bacterial infectious diseases of many kinds, the following being the main categories:
I. β – intraamide
(i) Penicillin is one of the first antibacterial drugs found and applied. Natural penicillin, such as penicillin G, has a strong fungicidal effect, mainly on Gerang-positive fungi, e.g., streptococcus, etc., and has a weaker effect on Gerang cactus. The mechanism of action is to inhibit bacterial cell glacial synthetic enzymes, thus hindering the synthesis of cell walls and causing bacteria to break up and die from permeating pressure. Semi-synthetic penicillin has been modified on the basis of the penicillin base structure, expanding the antibacterial spectrum. For example, penicillin, such as penicillin V, can be oral, enzyme penicillin, such as phenolin, can be used to counter fungus that produce penicillin enzyme, and the wide spectrum of penicillin, such as amamicillin, Amosilin, can be effective against the gland positives and some gland cactus. However, penicillin-type drugs are susceptible to allergies and require a rigorous dermal test prior to use.
(ii) Capricorns
From the first to the fifth generation, the antibacterial spectroscopy and stability of the β-nimamine enzyme have evolved. The first generation of enzymes, e.g., e.g., e.g., e.g., e.g., antibacterials, which are better antigens than e.g. e.g., cyanol-resistant, etc. The second generation of sepsis, e.g., Zhoklo, has increased its contribution to the gland cactus, as well as to anaerobics, and is applied to infections in the respiratory and urin tracts. The third generation of sepsis e.g., hair aqualone, hair aluminum, strong antibacterial activity for the gland cactus, high level of stability for the β-neamide enzymes, can be used for severe gland cactus infections and copper green cystasy. The fourth generation of sepsis, e.g., e.s., has a wider antibacterial spectrum, which is highly antibacterial for both the Grelan positive and the Grelan vaginal bacteria, and is also more effective for drug-resistant bacteria. The fifth generation of septoxin, such as thorin, is more effective in the treatment of drug-resistant geran positives, such as methoxysilin-yellow grapes (MRSA).
(iii) Carbon cyanide
Amphetamine, Melopenan, etc. are typical representatives of this type. They have an extremely broad antibacterial spectrum, with strong antibacterial activity for Grelan positives, Grelan vaginal bacteria, and anaerobics. Almost all of the clinically common pathogens are covered, including multiple resistance. Its unique chemical structure allows it to be highly stable for a variety of β-endamide enzymes. However, due to their high level of antibacterial activity, inappropriate use can lead to a herb-commodity disorder and inducing the creation of drug-resistant bacteria, which are generally used to treat infections caused by severe, multi-drug-resistant bacteria.
(iv) Single-ring beta – intraamide
Amitonics is the main drug, and it has a strong antibacterial effect only on aerobics and has little effect on gland positives and anaerobics. This is characterized by the stability of the β-neamide enzymes and the low level of adverse effects, which are applied to those infected with the gelatin cactin, sepsis, and sepsis.
II. Amino sugar
It’s called “Cypricin”, “Cypricin” and “Amica Star.” Such drugs are mainly used in bacterial nuclei, 30S Asiaki, which inhibits the synthesis of bacterial proteins and is a static microbicide. They have strong antibacterial activity with aerobic glyphella, e.g., coli-Ech, creber, etc. Clinically, it is often used to treat serious infections caused by e.g. sepsis, pneumonia, etc. However, amino-glucose-type drugs have an apparent ear and kidney toxicity that can cause adverse effects such as hearing loss, ear ringing, blood urine and protein urine, and need to be used with close monitoring of kidney function and hearing.
III. Large ringed esters
The same applies to erythrocin, erythroacin, carcinocin, Archicin, etc. They work on bacterial nuclei, 50-S, and they inhibit protein synthesis. The antibacterial spectrum is broad and antibacterial for gland positives, part gland vaginal bacteria (e.g. haemophilus influenzae, catamola) and atypical pathogens (e.g. chlamydia, chlamydia, legionella). Carcinin is a classic large ringed ester, but the gastrointestinal reaction is higher. Cracin has a stronger antibacterial activity than erythrocycin, Achicillin has unique pharmaceutical dynamics, tissue penetration is strong, half-lives are long, high levels of drugs can be maintained in the body, and adverse effects are relatively low and widely used. Great mercuric esters are often used for respiratory infections, skin soft tissue infections, etc., especially for atypical pathogens.
IV. THREE CENTRAL
Tetracycline, Dossi cycline, Mino cycline, etc. are common tetracyclic drugs. By combining with the bacterial nuclei 30S Archipelago, they prevent ammonium-tRNA from combining with 30S Archipelago and inhibiting protein synthesis. The antibacterial spectroscopy is broad and inhibits e.g. gland-positive, gland-negative, rictic, chlamydia, chlamydia, spiral, etc. While treatment for multiple infections has been widely used in the past, due to the high level of drug resistance, treatment is currently being used mainly for atypical pathogen infections, such as lekthia, chlamydia, and specific infections, such as brucellosis. At the same time, tetracyclic drugs can cause adverse effects such as dystrophy of teeth and poor development of the tooth, so children, pregnant women and breast-feeding women are carefully used.
V. Clocin
Clocin represents this drug. It inhibits bacterial nuclei 50S Yaki and prevents protein synthesis. Chlorinin antibacterial spectroscopy is extensive and has effects on, inter alia, gerland positives, gerland cactus, anaerobics, ricketia, helix. However, because of its severe adverse effects, such as inhibition of bone marrow blood function, which can lead to regenerative obstructive anaemia, reduction of particle cells, etc., clinical use is currently severely restricted and is used with caution only in exceptional cases, such as typhoid and subtyphoid infections, where there are no other suitable alternatives.
Lincoxin
Lincoln and Clincin are key members. They combine with a bacterial nuclei 50S, and inhibit protein synthesis. Good antibacterial activity, mainly for gland positives and anaerobics, particularly in the case of osteoplasmosis and oral and abdominal infections caused by anaerobic fungi. There is a cross-resistence with large cyclic esters, such as erythiocin, and there may be adverse effects such as gastrointestinal reaction and membrane enteritis when used.
Pyramids
They include vancomicin, kolaninin, mucculin. Vancomycin and Quaranin are used mainly for the treatment of gland positive infections, especially for drug-resistant gebrane-positive bacteria such as methoxysilin-yellow grapes (MRSA). However, these drugs have some kidney and ear toxicity. Polycactin is antibacterial to the gelatinian cactus, especially in the case of multiple resistant cactus, such as copper-green-falsified cystasy and boulder-free bacterium, but adverse effects such as renal toxicity also limit their widespread use.
VIII. Quinonone
Nofluorinated salsat, cyclopropsalt, left-oxen salsa and mossar are common drugs. They work on the bacteria’ DNA, the rotor enzymes, and the amphibious enzymes IV, preventing the bacteria’ DNA from replicating, thereby contributing to microbicide. Antibacterial spectroscopy, with good antibacterial activity for geran vaginal bacteria, and some varieties also have effects on geran positives, anaerobics, trigens, chlamydia, etc. As the development continues, new quinone-type drugs, such as the antibacterial spectroscopy of Mosisa, have expanded and have increased their antibacterial activity. However, quinone-type drugs may affect cartilage development, which is generally inappropriate for children, pregnant women and lactating women, and may also have adverse effects such as gastrointestinal reaction, central nervous system response, etc.
IX. sulfamide
Sulfamide, sulfamide, etc. are representative of sulfamide-type drugs. They act as anti-bacterial agents by inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial folic acid and interfering with the nucleic acid synthesis of bacteria. While antibacterial spectroscopy is broad and has some effect on the gland-positive and gland-negative bacteria, it is now used in combination with the efficiency agent methoxazole, such as the compound sulfamide, which enhances antibacterial effects and is used to treat multiple infections, such as respiratory infections and infections in the urin system, but can be used with adverse effects such as crystall and blood urine, requiring attention to drinking water.
X. Nitrofurans
Furan et al. They can interfere with the bacteria ‘ oxidation enzymes system and thus inhibit bacteria ‘ growth. Furan duel is used mainly for the treatment of infections in the urinary system, and furanaqualone is used for the treatment of intestinal infections, fungus coli infections, etc. However, such drugs may have adverse effects such as gastrointestinal reaction, allergies, and long-term intensive use of furaformone may also cause peri-neuritis.
XI. Anti-tuberculosis fungi
Fascinating, Lifoping, ethylamide and ethylambutanol are important drugs for the treatment of bacterial infections in tuberculosis. Hemophilium inhibits the synthesis of the cell wall of the nodule branch bacterium and has a highly selective and powerful antibacterial effect on the nodule bacterium. Lifoping inhibits bacteria, RNA polymerase, and has antibacterial effects on the nodule branch bacterium and other gland positive bacteria, as well as gland cactus. Acetamide has microbicide effects in the nodule branch bacterium in acidic environments. Betaminobutol inhibits the reproduction of the nodule branch bacterium. These drugs are often used in combination for the treatment of tuberculosis, but each has its own specific adverse effects, such as the potential for neurological inflammation in the surroundings and the potential for liver function damage in Lifoping.
The rational classification of antibacterial drugs helps doctors to choose appropriate drugs according to the type of pathogen and the patient ‘ s condition, and also provides a basis for the development and management of antibacterial drugs to better respond to bacterial infectious diseases and antibacterial drug resistance.
