Distinction between the anaesthesia of older and younger persons

Anaesthesia is a technique that causes the patient to lose consciousness or feel during the operation. Although the underlying principles of anaesthesia are similar to those of patients of all ages, the response and management of anaesthesia differs significantly between older and younger persons. Understanding these differences is essential to ensure the safety and comfort of older persons in surgery.1. Physical changes in the characteristics of the anaesthesia of older persons: As age increases, the biological function of older persons diminishes. For example, older persons tend to have lower heart, lung, liver and kidney functions than younger people. These changes affect the metabolic and excretion of narcotic drugs, which may lead to an increase in the duration or side effects of anaesthesia.Drug metabolism: Declining liver and kidney functions of older persons may lead to slower metabolic and excretion of narcotic drugs in the body. Anesthesiologists therefore need to adjust the dose to the physical state of the elderly to avoid drug accumulation and potential side effects.Cardiovascular and respiratory systems: Older persons often have chronic cardiovascular and respiratory diseases such as hypertension, coronary heart disease or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. These diseases can increase the vulnerability of older persons to blood pressure fluctuations, heart disorders or respiratory problems during anaesthesia. The management of anaesthesia therefore requires special attention to the monitoring and maintenance of CPR functions.Post-operative recovery: The post-operative recovery of older persons may be slower than that of young people due to, inter alia, reduced metabolic rates, reduced organizational healing capacity and increased risk of post-operative complications. Post-operative pain management and rehabilitation care are particularly important among older persons.Cognitive function: Older persons may experience a decline in cognitive function, which may be exacerbated by narcotic drugs, leading to confusion or confusion after surgery. Anaesthetists therefore need to be careful in their choice of drugs and to provide adequate cognitive support and monitoring after the operation.Young people are characterized by better physiology: the heart, lungs, liver and kidney functions of young people are generally good and the metabolism and excretion of narcotic drugs are normal. This has resulted in a relatively short period of time and a relatively low incidence of side effects.Drug tolerance: Young people are more resistant to narcotic drugs and can usually respond better to standard doses of narcotic drugs. However, an anesthesiologists are still required to adjust the dose to individual circumstances to ensure the effectiveness and safety of the anesthesia.Risks for cardiovascular and respiratory systems are low: Young people are usually not exposed to chronic cardiovascular or respiratory diseases and therefore are less at risk of complications during anaesthesia. The CPR requirements for anaesthesia management are relatively low.The post-operative recovery is faster: young people usually recover faster, and the body is more resilient to surgery and more self-rehabilitating. The process of post-operative pain and functional recovery is usually smoother.Cognitive function: The cognitive function of young people is usually normal and therefore has a higher degree of consciousness clarity during and after anaesthesia. The effects of narcotic drugs on cognitive functions are relatively small, but it is still necessary to observe any anomalies after the operation.3. Differences in the main physiological functions of anaesthesia between older persons and young people: Due to the decline in physiology, the metabolism and excretion of narcotic drugs are slower for older persons and more precise dosage adjustments are required. Young people have better physiology, metabolism and excretion of narcotic drugs.Complexity of health status: Older persons often suffer from multiple chronic diseases that may affect safety during anaesthesia and post-operative recovery. Young people are in better health and are less at risk during anaesthesia.Post-operative recovery: The post-operative recovery of older persons is slow and requires more post-operative care and support. Post-operative recovery is usually faster for young people and the recovery process is smoother.The effects of cognitive functions: Older persons may face reduced cognitive functions, which may be exacerbated by narcotic drugs. Young people have better cognitive functions and a relatively low response to narcotic drugs.Although the basic principles of anaesthesia are the same for all patients, there are significant differences in the management and response of anaesthesia between older persons and young people. In the process of anaesthesia, older persons need to pay special attention to the reduction of physiological function, changes in drug metabolism, risks of CPR and post-operative recovery. The safety and comfort of older persons during surgery can be ensured through accurate assessment and adjustment of anaesthesia programmes. Understanding these differences helps to provide older patients with more personalized anesthesia management, thus increasing the success rate of the operation and post-operative recovery.