Research on the application of antibacterial dressing in the treatment of emergency surgical wounds

IntroductionEmergency surgery often faces various types of injuries, including open wounds, surgical cuts and burns. Infection is one of the most common complications in emergency surgery, which not only slows the healing of the wound, increases the pain of the patient and the time spent in hospital, but can also lead to serious systemic infections. Antibacterial dressing as a new type of wound treatment material has important application value in the prevention and control of injury infections. The purpose of this paper is to conduct a comprehensive study of the application of fungus dressing in the treatment of emergency surgical wounds.II. Types and mechanisms of action for antibacterial dressing(i) Silver ion antibacterial dressingSilver ions have broad spectrum resistance to microbacterial activity, and their antibacterial mechanisms mainly disrupt the structure and function of bacteria by interacting with the cytowall and membranes of bacteria, leading to bacterial deaths. Silver ion antibacterial dressings can continuously release silver ions, effectively inhibiting gland positives and gland cactus on the surface of the wound, such as yellow screen, coliform, etc. In addition, silver ion inhibits the formation of bacterial membranes and reduces the adhesiveness and reproduction of bacteria.(ii) Shell-polygic antibacterial dressingShell polysugar is a natural multi-sugar, with good biological compatibility and biodegradability. Its antibacterial effects are mainly the control of bacteria through the interaction of a positive-charged ammonia with a negative-charged bacterial membrane, which alters the permeability of the cell membrane and causes the release of materials within the cell. Shell-polygic anti-bacterial dressing can also facilitate the healing of wounds by stimulating the growth of fibre cells and the synthesis of gelatin proteins, which accelerates the formation of meat buds.(iii) Nano-anti-bacterial dressingThe development of nanotechnology has brought new breakthroughs in anti-bacterial dressing. Nanobacterial dressing usually combines nanomaterials with antibacterial agents, such as nanosilver, zinc nano-oxidation, etc. These nanomaterials have a large surface area and unique physico-chemical properties, which enhance the antibacterial effects of antibacterial agents. Nano-anti-bacterial dressings can play an anti-bacterial role through a variety of mechanisms, including direct destruction of bacterial cellular membranes, production of activated oxygen, etc. At the same time, the small size effects of nanomaterials can make dressings more compatible with the surface of the wound and increase antibacterial effects.III. Application of anti-bacterial dressing in emergency surgical treatment(i) Prevention of injuriesSeveral studies have shown that antibacterial dressings have a significant impact on the prevention of acute surgical injuries. In the treatment of open fracture wounds, the infection rate of patients using silver ion antibacterial dressing is significantly lower than that of patients using traditional dressing. This is because antibacterial dressings can form a continuous antibacterial environment on the surface of the wound, effectively inhibiting the invasion and reproduction of bacteria. For a number of operations that are susceptible to contamination, such as an abdominal surgery in emergency cases, case polyglucose antibacterial dressing reduces the risk of oral infection and increases the success rate of the surgery.(ii) Promoting healingAntibacterial dressing not only prevents infection but also contributes positively to healing. In the treatment of burn wounds, nano-antibacterial dressing can accelerate the healing of the wounds. This is due to the ability of nanonebacterial dressing to maintain the wet environment of the wound and to facilitate cell migration and breeding. At the same time, anti-bacterial effects of anti-bacterial dressings reduce the inflammation response to healing wounds and contribute to normal growth of the sprouts. Compared to traditional dressings, the length of time for the healing of wounds using antibacterial dressings is significantly reduced, as is the degree of pain in patients.(iii) Reduction in the number of drug exchangesThe frequent replacement of traditional dressings in the treatment of emergency surgical wounds due to their susceptibility to leaching fluids increases not only the suffering of patients but also the workload of medical personnel. Anti-bacterial dressings are well humid and ventilated and can effectively absorb seepage fluids from the wounds and keep them dry and clean. For example, treatment of chronic ulcer wounds by silver ion antibacterial dressings can reduce the number of drug substitutions, which can generally be reduced from 1 to 2 per day for traditional dressings to 1 per 2 – 3 days, increasing the comfort and care efficiency of patients.IV. Influence factors for anti-bacterial dressing applications(i) Type of woundDifferent types of wounds counter to the need for and response to the fung dressing. For clean wounds, such as some simple cutting wounds, the main function of antibacterial dressings is to prevent infection, with the option of dressings with mild antibacterial activity. For highly contaminated wounds, such as open wounds accompanied by soil contamination, antibacterial dressings such as silver ion antibacterial dressings should be selected to effectively control the infection. For burn wounds, because of their particular pathological physiological characteristics, a choice is needed for dressings that are able to maintain a wet environment and are antibacterial, such as nano-antibacterial dressings.(ii) Individual patient factorsIndividual factors such as the age of the patient, the underlying illness and the state of immunization also affect the application of anti-bacterial dressing. Older patients are less able to heal their wounds due to reduced immune functions, and more attention needs to be paid to preventing infection when using antibacterial dressing. For patients suffering from chronic diseases such as diabetes, the injury is susceptible to infection and difficult to heal, and the choice of anti-bacterial dressing should take into account its effects on blood sugar and the ability to promote healing. In addition, the patient ‘ s allergic reaction to dressing is a factor of concern, such as the need to avoid the use of shell sugar antibacterial dressing for patients who are allergic to shell polyglucose.V. SAFETY OF ANNOUNCEMENT PLAYMENTS(i) Partial adverse effectsAlthough antibacterial dressing is safe in most cases, local adverse effects may also occur. For example, during the use of silver ion antibacterial dressings, some patients may have skin allergies, in the form of local bruises, itching, etc. This may be related to individual sensitivity to silver ion. In some cases, local irritation can be caused by shell-polymalbacterial dressings, especially in high concentrations or long periods of use. Therefore, anti-bacterial dressing requires close observation of the patient ‘ s local response and timely adjustment of the treatment programme.(ii) Unhappiness of whole bodyAntibacterial components in antibacterial dressings may be absorbed into the blood cycle under certain conditions, resulting in an adverse overall reaction. While this is relatively few, it also requires attention. For example, when silver ion antibacterial dressing is used extensively, if overabsorbed, it may accumulate in the body, with potential effects on liver and kidney function. Therefore, care should be taken to monitor the whole body of the patient in the use of antibacterial dressing, especially in the case of extensive wounds or long-term use.ConclusionsAntibacterial dressing has important application value in the treatment of surgical wounds in emergency cases. Through its unique antibacterial mechanism, it can effectively prevent injury infections, promote healing and reduce the number of drug exchanges. However, when applying antibacterial dressings, it is necessary to take into account the type of injury, the individual factors of the patient, etc., and to pay attention to their safety. Future research directions should further optimize the performance of anti-bacterial dressings and develop more safe and efficient anti-bacterial dressings, while enhancing the regulation and guidance of their clinical application to better meet the needs for treatment of emergency surgical wounds and improve the treatment effectiveness and quality of life of patients.