AIDS diagnosis and treatment
Introduction
The influenza pandemic, an acute, infectious respiratory disease caused by influenza viruses, is widely disseminated worldwide and poses a serious threat to human health. Knowledge of the methods of diagnosis and treatment of influenza is essential to control the spread of disease, reduce patient suffering and reduce the risk of complications.
II. Diagnosis of influenza
(i) Symptoms assessment
Typical symptoms
Influenza patients usually have a sudden onset, and one of the most prominent symptoms is high heat, which tends to be as high as 39°C – 40°C or higher. The heat usually lasts 3-4 days, accompanied by cold, cold, etc. In addition, headaches are common symptoms, most of which are pulsive pains on both sides of the head, which are more severe. All-body muscle sores are also characteristic of influenza, especially muscles with limbs and backs, which can affect the normal activity of the patient, with a marked muscle pressure. Patients also suffer from a lack of strength, extreme fatigue, poor mental health and a marked decline in activity resilience.
2. Respiratory symptoms
Coughs are common, mostly for dry cough or with a small amount of white sip. Some suffer from such symptoms as ingesting, drying, nose plugs and aldicarb, although they are less prominent in influenza than in common flu. In comparison to common flu, influenza has high overall symptoms, while local nasal and throat symptoms are relatively low.
(ii) Epidemiological history
It would be useful to know whether patients had been exposed to influenza in the recent past, or had been in the flu season, or had stayed in densely populated locations. During high-prevalence periods, the likelihood of influenza exposure increases if there is a relevant history of exposure. For example, in collectives such as schools, nursing homes and others, there is a higher risk of influenza outbreaks among persons in close contact.
(iii) Medical examination
At the time of the examination, the patient was found to be chromosomal and condensed, with slight chromosomal in the larvae, but the tonsils were generally not significantly swollen or sept. Pulmonary consultations are mostly normal and can be smelled and damp at the time of the second lung infection.
(iv) Laboratory inspection
Blood protocol
In the early years of influenza, the total number of white cells was generally normal or decreased, with a relative increase in lymphocytes. If bacterial infections are combined, the total number of white cells and the number of neutral particles can increase.
2. Pathological examinations
• Virus nucleic acid detection: the detection of influenza virus nucleic acid using nucleic acid augmentation techniques (e.g. PCR) through the collection of specimens such as swabs and swabs of patients. This method is highly specific and sensitive and allows rapid and accurate diagnosis of influenza virus types, including type A and type B.
• Antiviral testing: commonly used methods include immuno-fluorescent or adhesive testing of influenza virus antigens. This method is relatively simple and fast, but is slightly less sensitive than nucleic acid detection. Results are usually available within a few hours, facilitating early diagnosis.
• Virus cultivation separation: The development of a separated influenza virus from patient specimens is the gold standard for diagnosis, but the method is long, typically 3-10 days, less clinically applied, mainly for scientific purposes, etc.
III. Treatment of influenza
(i) General treatment
Patients need adequate rest, reduced physical effort, indoor air flow, appropriate temperature and humidity. (c) Drinking water and eating foods that are easily digestible and nutritious, such as rice congee, noodles, vegetable soup, etc., to supplement the energy consumed by the body and to maintain the hydrolytic balance. During the heat, physical cooling may be appropriate in the light of the body temperature, such as the use of hot water to wipe areas of large vascular abundance such as head, armpit, groin, etc., and when the body temperature exceeds 38.5 °C, thermal deheating painkillers such as acetaminophenol may be used for reheating treatment, with care to avoid excessive use leading to adverse reactions.
(ii) Antiviral treatment
1. Timing of treatment
Antiviral treatment should begin as early as 48 hours after the onset of the disease, especially for patients with high-risk factors of severe influenza, such as the elderly, children, pregnant women, chronic heart and lung disease, and low immunization. Early use of antivirals reduces symptoms, reduces the pathology and reduces the incidence of complications.
2. Drugs commonly used
• Neuro-aminoase inhibitor: Ostawe is currently a widely used anti-influenza virus in clinical terms. The treatment of influenza A and B for adults and children aged 1 and over is more effective. Zanamwe may inhale for treatment of patients aged 7 and over. These drugs contain neurosamate enzymes from the surface of the influenza virus, thus preventing the virus from being released from infected cells and reducing its internal transmission.
• M2 Ion-channel retardants: gold and ethylamine, although there has been a gradual reduction in clinical use due to the high resistance of influenza viruses in recent years. Use only if it is sensitive to specific types of influenza viruses.
(iii) Treatment
1. Heat and pain relief: As mentioned above, dethermal analgesics, such as brophen, acetylaminophenol, etc., may be used, with attention to dose and frequency of use, to prevent adverse effects of the drug, in particular damage to gastrointestinal and liver and kidney functions.
2. Cough coughing: For cough symptoms, coughing can be facilitated by the use of anticinants such as the right methadone and, if it is accompanied by mucous and non-coughing, by the use of acetylene bromines such as acetylene and acetylene semi-sacrylate.
3. Mitigation of nasal plugs and flue aldicarb: Precautionants, such as pseudoephedrine, can be used to reduce osteoporosis of the nasal mucous membrane and to mitigate osteoporosis, subject to caution when used by patients with cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension. The physico-saline cavity spray can also be used to clean the nasal cavity and to mitigate its discomfort.
(iv) Treatment of complications
In the case of bacterial infections such as bacterial pneumonia, nasalitis and mesopitis, appropriate antibiotics are selected for treatment according to the pathogen type. In cases of severe influenza manifestations such as respiratory failure, shock, etc., there is a need to move to the intensive care ward to provide comprehensive treatment measures such as respiratory and cycling support, including mechanical ventilation, vascular active drug applications, etc., to save patients ‘ lives.
IV. CONCLUSION Accurate diagnosis of influenza needs to be combined with patient symptoms, epidemiological history, medical examination and laboratory results. Antiviral treatment is at the centre of treatment, together with general treatment and treatment of symptoms, and possible complications are identified and addressed in a timely manner. Through timely and effective diagnosis and treatment, we can increase the rate of cure for influenza patients and reduce its negative impact on social and personal health. In addition, during the influenza pandemic season, prevention efforts, such as vaccination against influenza and maintenance of good hygiene practices, are important in controlling the spread of influenza.
