Classification of shock

The classification of shock is mainly based on clinical requirements, reflecting the level of awareness of the development of shock and understanding of the main causes that threaten the life of the patient. The classification of shock by diagnosis of underlying disease or cause of disease has been applied clinically for many years. This classification reflects the knowledge and treatment of shock at the time, which is based on the diagnosis of underlying diseases and the correction of the main cause of shock. In 1960, shock was divided into seven categories. It is low blood capacity, heart origin, infectious, allergic, neurotic, obstructive and endocrine shock. Later, traumatic, mesotoxic, etc. were distinguished. This classification clearly identifies the causes of shock and provides a basis for clinically based pathological treatment. With the deepening knowledge and understanding of shock and the upgrading of clinical treatments, especially after the application of the blood flow mechanics theory to the clinical level, most patients can safely survive the direct damage caused by the initial shock. The main cause of death of a shock patient is no longer the basic disease and thus the cycling disorders resulting from it. At the same time, the shock caused by different diseases can be reflected in the same or similar hemodynamic changes. In this context, the original classification of shock shows a clear deficiency. Hemodynamic changes in shock can take different forms. In order to distinguish these characteristics, the main factors affecting blood flow mechanics in the circulatory system can be divided into five parts: 1 resistance blood vessels, including arteries and small arteries; 2 cardiac vessels; 3 capacity vessels; 4 blood capacity; and 5 heart. Almost all types of shock are cyclical disorders caused by different impacts on these five components. The different characteristics of shock can be determined by changes in resistance of the arterial system, re-distribution of blood, openness of the circulatory vessels, changes in the arterial flow, expansion of veins, changes in blood capacity and changes in the heart function. These characteristics greatly affect the implementation of treatment. Along with the development of blood flow mechanics, treatments are constantly being updated and expanded, and the support of circulatory functions has become increasingly important in treatment in shock. Weil MH et al. introduced a new classification for shock in 1975, which has been widely accepted by clinical scholars. According to this classification, shock can be classified into four categories: low blood capacity (hypo-volemic), heart origin (cardiogenic), distributive and obstractive.Infective shock is one of the most common types of shock for ICU patients, followed by heart-borne shock and low blood capacity shock, which is relatively rare. In a clinical study that included random comparisons of more than 1,600 patients in shock (dopamines vs gonaline), infectious shock accounted for 62 per cent, cardiovascular shock 16 per cent, low blood capacity shock 16 per cent, other types of distributed shock 4 per cent and obstructive shock 2 per cent. The type of shock and the cause of the disease can be easily identified on the basis of patient history, signs or clinically assisted examinations. For example, post-traumatic shock is likely to be low blood-capacity shock (as a result of loss of blood capacity), but there may be a single or simultaneous heart-borne shock or distributive shock due to heart pressure or spinal cord damage. Full medical examination should include skin colour, skin temperature, ulcer charge and edema. The assessment of the hyperacoustic acoustic motion map on the side of the bed facilitates the diagnosis, including cardiac enzyme, left- and right-heart chamber size and function, the assessment of the lower cavity diarrhea, the calculation of the aortic blood flow velocity rate and the determination of the rate of output per pace. If conditions permit, patients in shock shall immediately undergo a heart ultrasound examination.