Infectious diseases are those caused by pathogens that can spread between humans, animals and animals, or between humans and animals. Such diseases are widespread infectious and endemic and pose a serious threat to human health. The following are detailed studies of infectious diseases:
I. Classification of infectious diseases
Infective diseases can be classified into the following categories by type of pathogens:
(b) Virus infections: Infective diseases caused by viruses such as new coronary virus infections, influenza, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, measles, epidemic haemorrhagic fever, etc. These diseases are usually highly contagious and endemic, and some viruses, such as the human papilloma virus and the human immunodeficiency virus, can cause serious health problems.
Bacteria infections: Infective diseases caused by bacteria, such as sepsis, rheumatism, lung infections (e.g. pneumonia), typhoid fever, etc. Bacteria-infective diseases are one of the leading causes of human mortality until antibiotics are widely used. With the discovery and application of antibiotics, mortality from bacterial infectious diseases has been significantly reduced, but there is still a need to guard against the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria.
Fungi infections: Infective diseases caused by fungi, such as pyromococcal disease, sphinx disease, foot acne, etc. Fungi infections usually occur when human immunity is reduced or skin damage is impaired, and some fungi, such as invisible fungi, can cause severe central nervous system infections.
parasitic infections: infectious diseases caused by parasites, such as aphid infections, malaria, amiba disease, etc. parasitic infections are particularly common in developing countries, and some of them can give rise to serious complications, such as anaemia and liver pain.
Other pathogen infections: infectious diseases such as spa, chlamydia, etc. These pathogens usually cause infections in areas such as the respiratory, urinary and urinary tracts, and some of the infections can lead to serious complications, such as pneumonia caused by pneumonia.
II. Symptoms of infectious diseases
Symptoms of infectious diseases vary according to the type of pathogen and the area of infection, but usually include all-body symptoms such as fever, inactivity, poor appetite, body pain, and vomiting. In addition, depending on the area of infection, specific local symptoms may occur, such as respiratory infections that can cause coughing, coughing, etc.; gastrointestinal infections that can cause abdominal pain, diarrhoea, etc.; skin infections that can cause symptoms such as itching, red swelling, etc.; and central nervous system infections that can cause headaches, dizziness, etc.
Treatment of infectious diseases
Treatment for infectious diseases depends mainly on the type of pathogens and the area of infection. For bacterial infectious diseases, antibiotics are usually used for treatment; for viral infectious diseases, antivirals are used; for fungi infectious diseases, antigenics are used; and for parasitic infectious diseases, deworming drugs are used for treatment. In addition, attention needs to be paid to the treatment of illnesses, such as cooling, rehydration and maintenance of hydrolysis balance.
Prevention of infectious diseases
Preventive measures against infectious diseases include, inter alia, controlling the source of the infection, cutting off transmission routes and protecting vulnerable populations. These include:
Control of the sources of infection: Early detection, diagnosis, isolation and treatment of patients with infectious diseases, and immediate reporting of statutory infectious diseases to nearby health-preventable or health-care institutions.
Interrupting transmission pathways: Different programmes based on different infectious diseases, such as improved dietary hygiene, personal hygiene, faeces sterilisation, etc.; window ventilation and air circulation for respiratory infectious diseases; mosquito-resistant and drug-deworming for vector-borne infectious diseases.
(b) Protection of vulnerable populations: the introduction of artificial immunisation, which includes both artificial autoimmunisation and artificial passive immunisation, to increase the immunity of the population.
In conclusion, infectious diseases are a category of infectious and endemic diseases caused by pathogens. Understanding the classification, symptoms, treatment and prevention of infectious diseases is important for preventing and controlling the spread of infectious diseases.
