Penicillin is an antibiotic of β-neamide, whose mechanism of action is mainly to interfere with the synthesis of bacterial cell walls and thus to achieve microbicide.
First, the importance and composition of the bacterial cell wall, which is the resilient structure of the outermost part of the bacterial cell, plays a crucial role in the survival and normal functioning of the bacteria. It not only maintains the shape of bacteria, but also protects bacteria from changes in external environmental factors such as osmosis pressure. The main component of the bacterial cell wall is pelican. Aluminum is a large molecular polymer that is interwoven between a meringue chain and a beryllium-side chain. The polyglucose chain is a long chain of N-acetyramid (NG) and N-Acetyl cylindrical acid (NAM) interconnected by β – 1,4 glucose keys. And the platinum-side chain is linked to the Nam, and the composition of the pelican-side chain varies from bacteria to bacteria. These platinum-side chains are interconnected by the transmutation of beryllium, forming a solid mesh structure, which is the basic structure of beryllium polymal.
II. Interactions between penicillin and penicillin in proteins (PBPs) PBPs are a type of enzyme that plays a key role in the synthesis of bacterial cytowalls, and are involved in multiple components of cell cytowall synthesis, including the transfer of neptunium, the transfer of sugar. penicillin is like a precise key, closely linked to these PBPs. The combination has a high degree of specificity and kinship. When penicillin is combined with PBPs, the spatial structure of the PBPs is altered, thus inhibiting the activity of the enzymes.
iii. Specific interference with cell wall synthesis • Repression of transmutation: transmutation is one of the key steps in the process of bacterial cell wall synthesis. In the process, the pelican side-links on the adjoining glycerine chain are interconnected by the function of the pepsis enzymes (one of the PBPs). Under normal conditions, the D-Aramyl-D-Apropamate (D-Ala-D-Ala) at the end of the pelican chain reacts with the pelican side chain on the other pelican chain, with a steady network of the pelican chain. The combination of penicillin and PBPs inhibits the activity of transcipher enzymes. This is the case in a construction project where transcipher enzymes are workers who are responsible for connecting building components (polymal sugar chains), and penicillin prevents these workers from working. Because of the irregularity of the conversions and the lack of effective interconnection between the glycerine chains, the cell wall structure has become loose and is unable to form a complete and solid web structure. • Interference with the function of a glucose-based system: The function of a glucose-based system is another important component of cell wall synthesis, which is primarily responsible for connecting the polyglucose chain and building the basic skeleton of aluminum. Although the direct interference of penicillin with the GTP is relatively weak, as a result of the inhibition of transformation, the polyglucose chain is not able to communicate properly and may indirectly affect the normal work of the GTP (also one of the PBPs). GTPs require a relatively stable environment and coordination with other enzymes in the construction of the polyglucose chain. When the rotor function is destroyed, the “flow line” of the entire cell wall synthesis is disrupted, and the function of the glucose-based enzyme is not well performed, leading to problems in the synthesis and connection process of the polyglute chain.
As a result of penicillin disrupting the synthesis of bacterial cell walls, a series of biological reactions occur. First, the barrier to cytowall synthesis leads to a thinning and vulnerability of bacterial cytowalls. The weak parts of the cytological wall expand and break as the bacterial internal osmosis pressure. At the same time, bacteria try to activate some self-remediation mechanisms and try to restore the integrity of cell walls. However, these rehabilitation mechanisms cannot function effectively with the continued use of penicillin. Ultimately, bacteria are severely damaged by the cytological wall, which is unable to maintain their normal form and internal environment, leading to the leakage of the cytological contents and the death of bacteria. This microbicide has enabled penicillin to play an important role in the treatment of infections caused by sensitive bacteria.
