Stroke is an acute cerebrovascular disease that causes brain tissue damage due to blockage or rupture of blood vessels in the brain. According to the etiology and pathophysiological mechanism, stroke can be divided into ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke.
Harm
of
stroke
• High incidence: Stroke is a common disease worldwide, and the incidence is increasing year by year.
• High disability rate: Stroke can lead to different degrees of physical, language and cognitive impairment, seriously affecting the quality of life of patients.
• High mortality: Stroke is one of the leading causes of death, especially in the acute phase.
Common symptoms
of
stroke
• Sudden numbness, weakness, or paralysis of a limb.
• Slurred speech, difficulty swallowing, or aphasia.
• Sudden visual impairment in one or both eyes.
• Dizziness, headache, nausea, vomiting and other symptoms of increased intracranial pressure.
• Disturbance of consciousness, convulsions, or epileptic seizures.
Common causes
of
stroke
• Hypertension: Hypertension is one of the major risk factors for stroke. Long-term hypertension can lead to cerebrovascular sclerosis and stenosis, increasing the risk of stroke.
• Heart disease: Various heart diseases, such as atrial fibrillation and myocardial infarction, can lead to the formation of thrombus in the heart, which can cause stroke when it falls off and enters the brain with the blood circulation.
• Diabetes: Abnormal blood sugar levels in people with diabetes may lead to vascular disease and increased blood viscosity, which can lead to stroke.
• Smoking and alcohol abuse: Long-term smoking and alcohol abuse can lead to vasospasm, atherosclerosis and increased blood viscosity, thereby increasing the risk of stroke.
Risk factors
of
stroke
• Age: The risk of stroke increases with age.
• Gender: Men are more likely to have a stroke than women, but women also have an increased risk after menopause.
• It runs in families: People with a family history of stroke are more likely to have a stroke.
• Race: Certain ethnic groups such as African, American, Caribbean, and South Asian have a higher risk of stroke.
Prevention
of
stroke
• Control blood pressure and blood sugar: Keeping blood pressure and blood sugar in the normal range can help reduce the risk of stroke.
• Healthy diet: Follow the principle of low-salt, low-fat, low-sugar and high-fiber diet, and eat more vegetables, fruits and foods rich in unsaturated fatty acids.
• Moderate exercise: Regular moderate aerobic exercise, such as brisk walking, jogging and swimming, can help reduce the risk of stroke.
• Weight control: Maintaining a healthy weight range and avoiding obesity can help reduce the risk of stroke.
Treatment
of the
acute phase
• Thrombolytic therapy: Restores blood flow to the brain and reduces brain tissue damage by dissolving blood clots with drugs.
• Anti-platelet aggregation: Drugs are used to inhibit platelet aggregation and prevent further expansion of the thrombus.
• Reduce intracranial pressure: For the increase of intracranial pressure caused by brain edema, take measures to reduce intracranial pressure and relieve brain compression.
• Complication treatment: Complications that may be caused by stroke, such as pulmonary infection and heart disease, should be treated
in a timely manner. Reason.
Convalescent treatment
• Medication: long-term treatment and prevention with relevant medications as needed for the condition.
• Psychological support: pay attention to the mental health of patients and provide psychological support and counseling. Help patients build up confidence in rehabilitation.
• Control risk factors: control risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipidemia to reduce the risk of recurrence of stroke.
• Rehabilitation guidance: provide rehabilitation guidance to patients and their families, teach daily living skills and exercise methods, and promote functional recovery.
A
healthy lifestyle
• Eat a balanced diet: Maintain a low-salt, low-fat, high-fiber diet with plenty of fresh vegetables, fruits, and whole grains.
• Moderate exercise: Get at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise a week, such as brisk walking, cycling, or swimming.
• Weight control: Maintain a healthy weight range and avoid obesity.
• Smoking cessation and alcohol restriction: Quit smoking and limit alcohol intake to reduce the risk of stroke.
Control chronic diseases
• High blood pressure: Monitor and control your blood pressure regularly, follow your doctor’s advice, and use blood pressure medication appropriately.
• Diabetes: Keep blood sugar in the normal range and control it with diet, exercise and medication.
• Hyperlipidemia: Reduce cholesterol and triglyceride levels by adjusting diet and medication.
