Multiple myeloma is a common malignancy that primarily affects plasma cells in the bone marrow. Understanding its basic knowledge, clinical signs and treatment methods is very important for early detection and effective treatment of patients.
I. Basic knowledge
of multiple myeloma
Multiple myeloma is a malignant tumor that originates from plasma cells, which are usually found in the bone marrow and are responsible for the production of antibodies. As cancer cells proliferate, they accumulate in the bone marrow and interfere with normal blood cell function. The exact cause of the disease is not fully understood, but known risk factors include age, genetics, and certain environmental exposures. Multiple myeloma has a variety of clinical signs, which may have no obvious manifestations in the early stage. With the development of the disease, patients often suffer from bone pain, anemia, repeated infection and renal function damage. In China, especially in Guangdong, a focus on early identification and health screening can improve detection rates. Therefore, it is essential for nurses and ordinary citizens to understand the basic knowledge of this disease, which can help early detection and timely treatment, alleviate the suffering of patients and improve the quality of life.
2. Clinical signs and examination methods
of multiple myeloma The clinical signs of
multiple myeloma varies according to the stage of disease development. Early patients may have no obvious discomfort, and a small number of people will have slight bone pain or fatigue. When the disease enters the middle stage, the symptoms of bone pain are aggravated, often accompanied by bleeding tendency, weight loss and recurrent infection, which is mainly due to the decrease of normal blood cell production caused by bone marrow involvement. Advanced patients are more severe, with frequent fractures and renal impairment, and may even be accompanied by neurological complications, such as paralysis or disturbance of consciousness. The clinical identification of multiple myeloma depends on a variety of tests. Laboratory tests include blood count, urine count, serum protein electrophoresis, and immunofixation electrophoresis to detect abnormal immunoglobulins and light chains. Imaging examinations, such as X-ray, bone scan and MRI, can analyze the degree and extent of bone injury. Bone marrow biopsy is the gold standard for the identification of multiple myeloma, and the number and morphology of abnormal plasma cells in the bone marrow can be observed under the microscope to further clarify the condition. Comprehensive examination is helpful to accurately determine the condition, formulate appropriate treatment plan, and improve the survival rate and quality of life of patients.
Treatment and Recovery Management
of
Multiple Myeloma The main goal of
multiple myeloma treatment is to delay the deterioration of the disease, reduce the performance, and improve the quality of life of patients. The principle of treatment includes drug therapy, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and stem cell transplantation. Immunomodulators, proteasome inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies are commonly used in drug therapy. Chemotherapy is mainly used to kill rapidly dividing cancer cells, and the combination of drugs can improve the efficacy. Radiotherapy is mainly used to relieve bone pain and treat local lesions. Stem cell transplantation is suitable for patients whose physical conditions permit and helps to restore bone marrow function. In terms of recovery management, patients should avoid high calcium foods and eat more fruits and vegetables. The medication should strictly follow the medical supervision and be reexamined regularly. Moderate exercise such as yoga and walking can enhance physical strength, strengthen psychological adjustment during rehabilitation, and maintain a positive attitude. Through systematic treatment and scientific management, the quality of life of patients can be significantly improved.
Timely identification of multiple myeloma can significantly improve a patient’s quality of life. Through the detailed diagnosis of various examination methods, as well as comprehensive treatment methods such as drug treatment, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and stem cell transplantation, patients can effectively delay the progress of the disease. Reasonable recovery management and positive attitude also play an important role in the rehabilitation of patients.
