Hello,
everyone. I am Dr. Li Huifeng from the Department of Internal Medicine of the Third People’s Hospital of Jiujiang City. Today, I will give you a popular science about lung adenocarcinoma. First of all, I will give you the definition and epidemiology of lung adenocarcinoma. Lung adenocarcinoma is an important subtype of lung cancer. It is also a pathological type of lung cancer. Lung cancer includes lung adenocarcinoma, lung squamous cell carcinoma and small cell lung cancer. Lung adenocarcinoma accounts for about 50% of the total. It originates from the glandular tissue of the lung. In recent years, with the aggravation of environmental pollution, the change of lifestyle and the improvement of lung cancer screening technology, the incidence of lung adenocarcinoma is on the rise. It is not only common among smokers, but also among non-smokers, especially women. The pathological types of lung adenocarcinoma are diverse, including adenocarcinoma in situ, microinvasive adenocarcinoma and invasive adenocarcinoma, and their distribution characteristics are also different in different populations and genders. The causes of lung adenocarcinoma are complex and not completely clear, but some studies have shown that many factors are related to it, smoking is the most significant known risk factor, long-term smoking or passive smokers can increase the risk of the disease. Environmental factors, such as long-term exposure to radioactive substances and harmful gases, can also significantly increase the incidence of lung adenocarcinoma. In addition, genetic factors can not be ignored. Mutations in certain genes, such as EGFR and alk, increase the risk of familial lung adenocarcinoma. In addition, chronic lung diseases such as tuberculosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are also associated with the occurrence of lung adenocarcinoma. People at high risk of lung adenocarcinoma mainly include long-term smokers, people exposed to second-hand smoke for a long time and people at risk of occupational exposure. In addition, people with family history of lung cancer, especially women, should also be vigilant. It is worth noting that patients with early lung adenocarcinoma have no obvious clinical signs and symptoms, or the symptoms are similar to those of general respiratory diseases, which are not easy to identify, such as cough and sputum. These symptoms usually do not attract special attention from patients, so lung adenocarcinoma is often difficult to detect in the early stage. Therefore, for these high-risk groups, especially those who are asymptomatic, we should regularly carry out some CT screening of the lungs, so as to achieve timely prevention and detection. The diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma can involve a lot of treatment and examination methods. The common diagnostic methods are imaging examination, such as chest X-ray, which is also a common method to find some of our internal lung shadows or chest CT scan. It can provide more detailed lung images and help to assess the size of the tumor and its location in the chest. The second is bronchoscopy. Mainly through bronchoscopy, direct observation of the interior of the airway, and then biopsy, can determine a pathological type and nature of the tumor. The third is cytological examination, mainly through our sputum, through bronchoalveolar lavage fluid or fine needle aspiration to obtain cells, and then microscopic examination to clarify his pathology and find cancer cells. The fourth is molecular detection, mainly through the detection of specific gene mutations in tumor tissues, such as EGFR, alk and so on, which is of great significance in guiding targeted therapy. The treatment of lung adenocarcinoma is based on the stage of the patient’s condition and the specific overall condition of the patient to carry out personalized diagnosis and personalized program customization. Treatment methods include surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy. Surgery is the main treatment for early lung adenocarcinoma, especially for patients with stage I and II. Surgical resection of tumors and surrounding tissues is a relatively effective method. Radiotherapy is an important treatment for patients with locally advanced or inoperable lung adenocarcinoma, while chemotherapy is suitable for advanced and postoperative adjuvant therapy. In recent years, the popular targeted therapy is based on gene mutation to determine the choice of targeted drugs. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have also made some breakthroughs in lung adenocarcinoma, and the effect of immunotherapy is also very significant. The prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma is also extremely important. After finishing the treatment, we also need the rehabilitation process and regular follow-up. First of all, we need to maintain a recovery of physical function and a reconstruction of mental health in the process of rehabilitation. We should take some moderate physical exercise to enhance physical fitness and restore physical health after the operation. Similarly, we need to maintain a good mentality in the psychological aspect. In this way, the treatment will go smoothly and the psychological pressure will be reduced. Quality of life will also improve, and regular follow-up is necessary. Regular follow-up for patients can maintain a good rhythm of treatment so as to better adjust the treatment plan, so that patients can get a better survival benefit, and finally maintain a reasonable diet plan, which is also very important for the overall recovery of patients. To sum up, the overall prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma is relatively better than that of other small cell lung cancer. The overall OS and PFS of patients are relatively high. I believe that with the development of science and technology and the continuous progress of medicine, cancer treatment will be improved in the near future.
Lung cancer
