Diabetes is a metabolic disease characterized by high blood sugar, whose causes are complex and include mainly genetic and environmental factors. Genetic factors play an important role in the incidence of diabetes, with many patients having a family history, indicating that genetic susceptibility has a significant impact on the incidence of diabetes. In addition, environmental factors such as obesity, poor lifestyles (including high-heat diets, lack of exercise), age growth and certain viral infections are also closely related to the incidence of diabetes.
Diabetes is clinically diverse, but the most typical symptoms are “one by three”, i.e., excessive urine, drinking, eating and weight loss. These symptoms are due to insulin insufficiency or failure to use glucose effectively, resulting in increased blood sugar. As the condition evolves, the patient may also experience signs of fatigue, skin aching, blurred vision and limb numbness.
Diabetes complications are very serious and can affect multiple systems and organs. Common complications include cardiovascular disease, retinasis, kidney disease, neurosis and foot problems. These complications are often the result of tissue damage and functional disorders caused by chronic high blood sugar.
Diabetes diabetics are diagnosed mainly by blood sugar levels. Diabetes can be diagnosed with an empty abdominal sugar level greater than or equal to 7.0 mmol/L or two hours of blood sugar greater than or equal to 11.1 mmol/L. In addition, the levels of urinary sugar testing and sugarated haemoglobin (HbA1c) are commonly used diagnostic indicators.
The objective of treating diabetes is to maintain normal levels of blood sugar and prevent acute metabolic disorders and complications. Treatment includes dietary control, exercise, medication and, if necessary, insulin. Preventive measures emphasize healthy lifestyles, such as balanced diets, adequate exercise and periodic medical examinations, to reduce the incidence of diabetes.
Diabetes is a chronic disease that requires long-term management and integrated treatment. Effective control of the condition, improvement of the quality of life of patients and reduction of risk of complications through early diagnosis and active intervention
