Diabetic Neuropathy, DN is one of the chronic complications common to diabetic patients, mainly manifested in damage to the surrounding and autonomous nervous system, leading to a range of symptoms and functional disorders. DN treatment requires a combination of causes, symptoms and individualized treatment strategies.
Causes and morbidity mechanisms
The main causes of the mellitus neurosis are the direct toxicity of high blood sugar to neurons and the oxidation stress and inflammation effects of metabolic disorders. Long-term high blood sugar disrupts the energy metabolism of nervous cells, leading to damage and degradation of neurofibre. In addition, the occurrence of the DN is associated with a variety of factors such as genetic factors, lifestyle, blood pressure and blood resin levels.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of neurological changes in diabetes mainly relies on clinical performance and ancillary examinations. Common diagnostic methods include:
Neurological function scoring system: e.g., Michigan Neurosis Screening Table, Toronto Neurological Disorder Rating Scale, etc.
Neural physiology: used to assess neurotransmission speed and sensory thresholds.
Skin biopsy: detection of damage to mysidium-free neurofibre.
Angular co-focal microscope: used to assess neuroses of small fibres.
Treatment strategy
Control the blood sugar.
Control of blood sugar is the basis for prevention and treatment of DN. Keeping blood sugar at the desired level through a reasonable diet, a proper amount of exercise and the necessary medication can effectively slow progress of the DN.
Drug treatment
Drug treatment includes, inter alia, treatment of causes and conditions:
Pathological treatment: Includes antioxidation stressor (e.g. α-sulphine), inhibition of formaldehyde reduction enzyme activity (e.g. Ipastra), improvement of microcircle (e.g. prostate and prostate analogues, hexaketone) etc.
Treatment of pathological disorders: Drugs commonly used include antidepressants (e.g., Dorostine, Amitirin), anti-eclampsia (e.g., Gabazine, Pragambillin), local treatment (e.g., pepperic cream).
Non-drug treatment
Non-pharmacological treatments include physiotherapy, acupuncture, electro-stimulation, etc., which help to improve the motor function and quality of life of patients.
Surgery
In some cases, such as trauma or infectious disease, surgical treatment may be required to alleviate the suffering of the patient.
Preventive measures
Early screening and timely intervention are key to prevention. Diabetes diabetics should be screened at least once a year for neuropathologies, especially for patients with longer illness or a combination of other microvascular complications, which should be reviewed every 3-6 months. In addition, the cessation of smoking, the restriction of alcohol and the maintenance of a healthy lifestyle have helped to reduce the risk of DN occurrence.
Summary
Diabetes neuropathies require multidisciplinary cooperation, which, through integrated management of blood sugar, drug treatment, non-pharmacological treatment and lifestyle adjustments, can effectively control the condition, reduce symptoms and improve the quality of life of patients. Early diagnosis and active prevention are key to improving DN planning.
