The most common symptoms of digestive ulcer are upper abdominal pain, which is usually found in the upper abdomen or under a sword, and can sometimes be radiationed to the back. Pain is mostly of a blunt, burning or stinging nature, and patients are often described as “hunger” or “burning heart”. Pain usually occurs within one to three hours after the meal, lasting several minutes to several hours, sometimes at night, which affects the quality of the patient ‘ s sleep. Some of the patients suffer from reduced pain after eating, as food can moderate their stomach acids and reduce their stomach acid irritation to the ulcer. However, this relief is usually short-lived and as food digests, the pain is repeated. Long-term abdominal pain not only affects the quality of life of patients, but can also lead to emotional problems such as anxiety and depression. In addition to abdominal pain, digestive ulcer patients may have other gastrointestinal symptoms. Common symptoms include nausea, vomiting, gas, anti-acid and stomach swelling. Disgusting and vomiting appear after meals, especially when eating spicy, greasy or irritating food. Anti-acid is the reverse flow of gastrointestinal content into the oesophagus, which is often felt by patients with a sense of post-rib burn and, in serious cases, with food or acidic fluids. Stomach swelling is mostly due to delays in stomach emptiness or gas accumulation of gas in the gastrointestinal tract, with patients often feeling discomfort with stomach swelling. These symptoms not only affect the dietary and digestive function of the patient, but may also lead to malnutrition and weight loss. Patients with digestive ulcers may suffer from a number of systemic symptoms, such as lack of strength, appetite and weight loss. Most of these symptoms are associated with long-term pain and digestive disorders, which can lead to a significant decline in the quality of life of patients in serious cases. Indigestion ulcer can also give rise to a range of complications, including haemorrhage, perforation and cavity. Hemorrhage is one of the most common complications, manifested in vomiting or black defecation. Blood is red or coffee coloured when it is vomiting and can be seriously accompanied by haemorrhagic shock symptoms such as dizziness, panic and reduced blood pressure. Black is due to the decomposition of blood within the gastrointestinal tract, which forms a black or tar-like shit, which is a typical expression of digestive haemorrhage. When haemorrhage is high, the patient may need emergency blood transfusion and lower endovenom treatment. The perforation is a serious complication of the digestive ulcer in the form of severe abdominal pain, abdominal stress and peritoneal irritation. After perforation, the stomach contents enter the abdominal cavity, causing acute peritoneal inflammation, and the patient is often accompanied by symptoms of overall intoxication, such as high heat, pulsation and blood pressure decline. Perforated treatment usually requires emergency surgery to repair the perforation and prevent further abdominal infections. The cavity is due to ulcer-induced plastering of the stomach exit, causing gastric emptiness. Patients are often characterized by abdominal swelling, vomiting and vomiting, mostly in the form of accommodation, accompanied by acid stench. Long-term door blockages can lead to malnutrition and electrolytic disorders, requiring under-scope or surgical treatment in serious cases to remove the barrier. The clinical performance of digestive ulcer is diverse, ranging from local abdominal pain to all-body symptoms and serious complications, and patients should be treated in a timely manner and receive a standard diagnosis and treatment to improve their quality of life and prevent complications. #iv, diagnostic methods for digestive ulcer # #4.1 Stomach spectroscopy and biopsy. Through the gastric lens, the doctor can directly observe the mucous membranes of the stomach and the trough, and determine whether an ulcer exists and its severity. The stomach mirror examination not only provides a visual view of the part, size, morphology and quantity of the ulcer, but also assesses the healing of the ulcer and any complications, such as haemorrhage, perforation or constriction. In the course of a gastroscope examination, the doctor can also perform a biopsy, i.e. a small tissue from the suspected ulcer for a pathological examination. Not only can ulcer be diagnosed, but other possible diseases, such as stomach cancer, are also excluded. The biopsy can also be used to detect the infection of cholesterol, which is important for the development of treatment programmes. The tissue of the biopsy is usually sent to the laboratory for dyeing and microscopy to determine the pathological characteristics of the tissue and the presence of bacterial infections. Another advantage of a stomach mirror examination is that it can be performed immediately upon detection of active haemorrhage. For example, doctors can control haemorrhage using electrocondensation, injection drugs or clamps, thus avoiding further complications. Stomach lenses can also be used to assess the effects of treatment, monitor ulcer healing processes and ensure the effectiveness of treatment programmes. #4.2 X-ray inspection is a traditional diagnostic method, whereby the contours of the stomach and the 12-finger bowel are clearly shown on the X-rays by oral treatment of liquids with a transistor. The transistor covers the mucous surface of the gastrointestinal tract and forms a white image that doctors can judge by looking at. An X-line meal examination shows the contours, size and location of the ulcer and changes in the mucous membrane around the ulcer. For some of the larger ulcer, the X-line meal examination provides more accurate diagnostic information. However, for smaller ulcer or early ulcer, the X-line meal examination is less sensitive and may miss out. Therefore, X-line feeding is usually used as an additional means of gastroscope examination for patients who are not suitable for stomach mirror examination, such as those with severe CPR or severe anxiety disorder. An X-line meal examination also assesses the motor function of the gastrointestinal tract and observes the emptiness of the stomach and the passage of the twelve fingers. This is important for the diagnosis of functional gastrointestinal diseases and for the assessment of motor disorders in the gastrointestinal tract. The X-line meal examination also reveals other anomalies in the gastrointestinal tract, such as varnish, narrow or tumours. #4.3 Sphinx detection Helicobacter pylori, H. pylori infection is one of the major causes of digestive ulcer. As a result, cholesterol detection is important in the diagnosis and treatment of digestive ulcer. At present, commonly used methods of cholesterococcal detection include exhalation tests, serobic tests, antigen tests of faeces and gastroscope work. Exhalation tests are the most common non-invasive detection method used to determine the presence of cholesterococcal infections by detecting a patient who emits carbon-13 or carbon-14 markers of the gas. Patients take urea-marked solutions in their mouths under empty abdominal conditions, and if a fungus of the cholesterol is present in their stomachs, bacteria break down urea to produce carbon dioxide, which enters the lungs through blood circulation and eventually excretes through excretion. Exhalation tests are of a high sensitivity and specificity, are simple to operate and are highly acceptable to patients. Serobiology tests determine the infection by testing blood-borne cholesterococcal specific antibodies. This approach provides historical information on infections, but does not distinguish between current and past infections. As a result, sero-testing is usually used for epidemiological investigations and preliminary screening rather than as a means of post-treatment review. The antigen test for faeces determines the infection by testing the fungus coli in faeces. This method is simple and accurate, and applies to patients, such as children and the elderly, who are not suitable for stomach lenses. Antigen testing of excreta can be used as a means of post-treatment review to assess the effects of treatment. The gastric cortex is the gold standard for the diagnosis of cholesterococcal infections. Rapid urea enzyme tests, tissue tests and bacterial culture can be performed in the laboratory by means of the gastric respiratoria. Rapid urea enzyme tests can produce results in a short period of time, with high sensitivity and specificity. Organizational examinations allow for the morphology and distribution of bacteria, and bacterium culture provides a basis for the choice of treatments by severing the fungus and carrying out drug sensitivity tests. Other auxiliary means of examination are available for diagnosis and assessment of digestive ulcer, in addition to gastroscope, X-ray and cholesterol. Blood tests assess patients ‘ anaemia and inflammation responses. In digestive ulcer patients may experience iron deficiency anaemia due to chronic haemorrhage, and blood tests can detect haemoglobin, erythrocyte count and iron metabolic indicators. Inflammatory indicators such as C-reacting protein (CRP) and red cell deposition (ESR) in blood can reflect the activity and inflammation levels of ulcer. The abdominal ultrasound assesses the structure and function of the gastrointestinal tract, observing the thickness of the stomach wall, the accumulation of the stomach fluid and the motor function of the gastrointestinal tract. The abdominal ultrasound examination can provide important diagnostic information for patients suspected of having complications, such as gastrointestinal perforation or cavity. CT scans and MRI examinations provide more detailed gastrointestinal imaging information to assess the depth of ulcer and the stress of the surrounding tissue. For patients suspected of malignant pathologies, CT scans and MRI examinations can exclude other diseases such as stomach cancer. These visual examinations can also assess the condition of other organs within the abdominal cavity, such as liver, pancreas and lymphoma. The stomach Electrogram (Electrogastroraphy, EGG) can assess the stomach ‘ s electrical activity and observe its motor function. The gastrointestinal mapping is of some value for the diagnosis of functional gastrointestinal disease and for the assessment of motor disorders in the gastrointestinal tract. However, the clinical use of gastrogen graphs is not yet widespread, mainly in the field of research. The diagnostic methods of digestive ulcer are varied and each has its advantages and limitations. In practical clinical applications, doctors usually choose the appropriate examination method for a comprehensive assessment to ensure that the diagnosis is accurate, taking into account the patient ‘ s specific circumstances and the equipment conditions of the hospital.
Indigestion ulcer.
