Bronchoscopic surgery for
lung cancer is an important means of diagnosis and treatment. Here are some precautions: Precautions before surgery • Inform the doctor of the patient’s condition: The patient should inform the doctor of his medical history, allergy history, and the medication he is taking in detail, so that the doctor can assess the risk of surgery and make an appropriate surgical plan. • Perfect examination: Blood routine, coagulation function, electrocardiogram, chest CT and other examinations should be carried out before the operation to understand the physical condition and ensure the safety of the operation. • Diet preparation: Fasting and water deprivation are required for a period of time before the operation, usually 4-6 hours before the operation, to prevent aspiration. • Psychological preparation: The patient may have fear and anxiety about the operation. Family members and healthcare workers should give psychological support and comfort to help them relieve tension and actively cooperate with the operation. Precautions during the operation • Cooperate with the doctor: During the operation, the patient should keep relaxed and breathe according to the doctor’s requirements to ensure that the bronchoscope can enter the trachea and lungs smoothly for easy observation and operation. • Monitoring vital signs: The healthcare workers will closely monitor the patient’s vital signs, such as heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, oxygen saturation, etc. If the patient has any discomfort or abnormal feeling, he should inform the doctor in time. Postoperative precautions • Rest and observation: Patients need to rest in bed for a period of time after operation. Healthcare workers will continue to monitor vital signs and observe whether there are complications such as bleeding, pneumothorax and expiratory dyspnoea. Patients should try to avoid severe cough and large activities, so as not to cause bleeding. • Diet adjustment: After the anesthesia effect disappears, drink a small amount of water first, and then gradually transition to liquid food and semi-liquid food after no discomfort such as choking and coughing. The diet should be light and digestible, and avoid eating spicy and irritating food. • Respiratory care: Postoperative patients may have symptoms such as cough and expectoration, and should be encouraged to cough up sputum as much as possible to keep the respiratory tract unobstructed. If necessary, adjuvant treatment such as atomization inhalation can be given to promote sputum discharge. • Wound care: If invasive procedures such as biopsy are performed during bronchoscopy, pay attention to wound care after operation, keep the wound clean and dry, avoid water, and prevent infection. • Medication and reexamination according to medical supervision: Patients should take the medicine on time according to the doctor’s instructions, and should not increase or decrease the dosage or stop taking the medicine. At the same time, it is necessary to review on time so that doctors can understand the recovery situation and find and deal with possible problems in time.
The treatment plan after bronchoscopy for
lung cancer should be determined according to the type, stage and physical condition of lung cancer. The following are some common treatment plans: Surgical treatment • For patients with early lung cancer, if the pathological diagnosis after bronchoscopy is clear and there is no obvious contraindication for surgery, Lobectomy, segmentectomy and other radical surgery are important treatment methods, which can effectively remove the tumor tissue and improve the survival rates and survival rate of patients. Radiotherapy • Postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy is suitable for patients at risk of residual lesions such as positive partial resection margin and mediastinal lymph node metastasis, which can reduce the local recurrence rate. • For patients with advanced lung cancer that cannot be resected, radical radiotherapy can control tumor growth, relieve symptoms and prolong survival. Palliative radiotherapy is used to relieve symptoms such as hemoptysis, expiratory dyspnoea and bone metastasis pain caused by lung cancer, and to improve the quality of life of patients. Chemotherapy • Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy can eliminate possible residual cancer cells and reduce the risk of recurrence. It is commonly used in patients with stage II and above non-small cell lung cancer. • For patients with advanced lung cancer, chemotherapy can control tumor progression and prolong survival, and platinum-containing dual-drug regimens, such as paclitaxel combined with cisplatin, are often used. Targeted therapy • For lung cancer patients with specific gene mutations or abnormal protein expression, such as EGFR mutations, ALK fusion, etc., targeted therapy drugs, such as gefitinib, crizotinib, etc., can be used for postoperative or advanced patients, with strong pertinence and relatively small side effects, which can effectively prolong the progression-free survival of patients. Immunotherapy • Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy can attack tumor cells by activating the patient’s own immune system. It is suitable for patients with advanced lung cancer, especially those with high PD-L1 expression or high tumor mutation load. Commonly used drugs include Pabolizumab and Navuliumab. Traditional Chinese medicine treatment • Traditional Chinese medicine can be used as an adjuvant treatment, through syndrome differentiation and treatment, using traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions, acupuncture and other methods, to regulate the body function of patients, reduce the adverse reactions of radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and improve the immunity and quality of life of patients.
