Cardiac failure (heart failure) is a serious heart disease that results in changes in myocardial structure and function caused by myocardial lesions due to a variety of causes, which ultimately leads to a low blood pump or filling function in the heart room. It is also a negative consequence of the development of cardiovascular disease, which is a complex clinical syndrome characterized by the impairment of the blood function of the heart pump, resulting in inadequate blood supplies to the organs and tissues of the body. Not only does the HF seriously affect the quality of life of patients, but it is also one of the main causes of death. The main causes of heart failure include coronary artery disease and high blood. Pressure, valve heart disease, cardiac disease and congenital heart disease. Of these, coronary artery diseases are the most common cause, accounting for more than 50 per cent of all HF cases (Roger, 2013). Clinical manifestations of heart failure include, inter alia, respiratory difficulties, limited physical activity and fluid retention. Symptoms vary according to the part of heart failure. The main signs of left heart failure are labour-related respiratory difficulties, chronic respiratory difficulties at night and end-sit breathing, with acute pulmonary oedema in cases of severe severity; in addition, patients may be associated with coughing, coughing, fatigue, heart attack, indigestion etc. High blood pressure is another important risk factor, with long-term high blood pressure leading to increased heart loads and, ultimately, to myocardial weight and heart failure (Lloyd-Jones et al., 2010). In addition, diabetes mellitus, obesity, smoking, alcohol consumption and genetic factors are also considered risk factors for HF. When the blood function of the heart pump is impaired, the organism is compensated by the activation of the neurohormonal system (e.g. renal-vascular tension-alphasterone system and sensory nervous system), which further increases the heart burden and leads to a vicious circle (Ponikowski et al., 2016). Infection: In particular, lung infections are associated with reduced ability to remove respiratory secretions after pulmonary silt. The infection increases the blood flow mechanics of the heart and directly impairs myocardial function. Heart arrhythmia: cardiac tremors reduce heart drains, increase myocardial oxygen consumption, induce and aggravate myocardial insemination. On the other hand, including anaemia, haemorrhage, pregnancy and childbirth, and the improper use of drugs, these factors can increase heart loads, leading to heart failure. Diagnosis of heart failure depends mainly on patient symptoms, laboratory examinations, electrocardiograms, ultrasound pacegraphs and videographies, as well as chest X-rays, ultrasound paceograms and blood biomarkers (e.g. NT-proBNP and BNP) The key to preventing heart failure is to control known risk factors. For high blood pressure patients, blood pressure should be monitored on a regular basis, medically prescribed use of depressive drugs and maintenance of a healthy lifestyle (e.g. low-salt diet, adequate exercise and smoking-free alcohol) (Wellton et al., 2017. Patients suffering from decay often suffer from symptoms such as labour respiratory difficulties and night-time respiratory difficulties, which provide doctors with preliminary diagnostic leads. The treatment of heart failure is aimed at reducing symptoms, improving the quality of life and extending the duration of life. (b) Drugs commonly used include β-receptor retardants; vascular tension transformation enzymes inhibitors; and vascular stressor II receptors. Cardiac re-synchronization (CRT), heart transplants, etc. can be considered for patients whose medication is ineffective or seriously ill. Non-pharmaceuticals: including aerobics, force training and respiratory exercises can significantly improve the patient ‘ s motor resilience and quality of life (Spruit et al., 2013). Provision of psychological counselling and support to help patients cope with the psychological stress caused by the disease (Deaton et al., 2017) using modern technology for remote surveillance to detect changes in the condition in a timely manner and to adjust treatment programmes (Inglis et al., 2011). For mild HF patients, the focus may be on lifestyle adjustment and regular monitoring, while for severe HF patients, more drug treatment and rehabilitation training is required. Through sound treatment and lifestyle adjustments, progress can be delayed and the quality of life of patients improved. By taking effective preventive measures, timely diagnosis and reasonable treatment, the quality of life of patients can be significantly improved. References: Deaton, V.
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Infection: The infection is a common cause, and respiratory infections are first, especially in the lung… Heart failure includes acute and chronic heart failure, with different treatment principles, and methods of chronic heart failure treatment. B.H.I.L., 2022, 001.
