Heart arrest is an extremely critical cardiovascular event, with sudden stoppages in the heart, an instant disruption of the blood cycle, and a life-threatening lack of access to oxygen and nutrients for the entire tissue. It is like an unforeseeable catastrophe that pushes the patient to the brink of death, and every second of it is at stake.The causes of cardiac arrest are complex and varied, ranging from heart cause to non-heart cause. Cardiogenic factors account for a large proportion, which is also a more common coronary disease. The sclerosis of coronary porridge results in a narrow or constrictive vein, a lack of blood for the heart muscle, followed by myocardial infarction, which can cause a cardiac arrest for serious cases. Diseases of abnormal cardiac structure and functioning, such as cardiac disease, cardiac valve disease, congenital heart disease, etc., can also hinder the physical activity of the heart and increase the probability of a cardiac arrest. For example, extended myocardiac patients experience heart expansion, thinning of their heart muscles, reduced myocardial constriction and risk of heart disorder, which in turn can induce a cardiac arrest.Equally unheard of is the element of unheard. Severe electrolytic disorders, such as potassium haematosis and low potassium haematosis, can affect myocardial cell agitation, conductivity and abnormal cardiac electrical activity. When blood potassium is too high, excessive potassium ion inhibits the depolarization of the heart muscle, leading to a conductive retardation of the heart, or even a stoppage of the heart, while low blood potassium can increase the accelerosis of the myocardial cell, make it prone to arrhythmia and cause the heart to stop. Respiratory suffocation is also a common cause, and suffocation caused by various causes, such as drowning, alien obstructive respiratory tracts, severe asthma, electroshock injuries, drug poisoning, etc., can cause a breath stop, which in turn causes oxygen deficiency, causing the heart to stop beating because of lack of oxygen. In addition, severe trauma, shock, allergies, etc. may cause the heart to stop. In case of allergy shock, the organism releases a large amount of bioactive substances such as tissueamine, an expansion of the blood vessels, a sharp drop in blood pressure, insufficient heart infusion, and may be accompanied by severe heart disorders that eventually cause the heart to stop.When the heart rate of the patient stops, clinical performance is typical and threatens the life of the patient. The sudden loss of consciousness should not be justified by the disruption of brain blood supply and the rapid loss of neurocell function. The pulse of the carotid and femoral artery disappeared and could not be touched, suggesting that the heart had ceased to shoot blood. Respiration stops or is on the verge of death, i.e. it is weak, irregular and stops quickly. As the blood cycle ceases, oxygen in the blood is depleted, carbon dioxide is retained, and the skin mucous membranes display an aerobic manifestation that quickly becomes pale or blue. One of the important signs of brain death is the spread of pupils and the disappearance of light reflections, but in the early stages of a cardiac arrest the pupils may not have been fully dispersed, for a long time, and the pupils will gradually become more static.The diagnosis is based on the patient ‘ s clinical performance, and once the patient ‘ s consciousness is suddenly lost, a major aneurysm disappears, and his breathing stops, he or she can be diagnosed as having stopped, not waiting for the results of the examination, such as an electrocardiogram, to be confirmed, and he or she needs to be rescued in a row of seconds.Cardiac and pulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is the most important first-aid measure for the treatment of cardiac arrest. Cardio-pulmonary resuscitation consists of three main components of ecstasy pressure, open airways and artificial respiration. The aim is to temporarily maintain the blood function of the heart pump and the exchange of lung gas by artificial means, to provide a certain supply of blood and oxygen for vital organs such as the brain, and to buy time for waiting for further advanced life support.The core step is the chest pressure. The helper shall lay the patient on the ground or on a hard surface, such as a hard-bed, and shall untie the patient’s collar and belt so that he or she may reveal his or her chest. The rescuer’s hands are folded to place the palms at the mid-point of the patient’s two nipple link (one third of the combination under the chest), the arm is stretched out, using the upper half weight, at a minimum of 100 times/minute, at a depth of at least 5 centimetres, with a vertical downward pressure, and the rhythm is kept even during the pressure, avoiding complications such as a break in pressure or excessive force leading to a broken ribs. For every 30 under pressure, do two artificial breathings, repeat them.The opening of airways is a prerequisite for artificial respiration. The rescuer shall use a bowing-up method, place one hand on the patient ‘ s forehead, press back so that the head is raised back, put another finger and middle finger on the lower side of the jaw, lift the jaw up, and keep the airways open and lift the jaw up. Pay attention to the removal of foreign objects, vomiting or dentures, etc., which prevent air-traffic congestion.Artificial breathing of mouth-to-mouth or mouth-to-nose can be used. During the mouth-to-mouth breathing, the rescuer squeezed the patient ‘ s nostrils with one hand to prevent leakage, then took a deep breath, completely wrapped his mouth in the patient ‘ s mouth, and breathed slowly and continuously for more than one second each time, and observed a visible up and down of the patient ‘ s chest. mouth-to-snore breathing applies to patients with closed teeth or severe oral damage, operating in very different ways, only to blow the mouth to the patient ‘ s nose.Cardiopulmonary resuscitation continues until the patient recovers his or her self-respiration and heartbeat, or when a specialist first aid worker arrives at the scene to take over the patient ‘ s treatment, with automatic external defibrillator (AED) in some public places such as airports, malls, schools, etc. AED is a device capable of automatically identifying cardiac disorders and providing electroshock defibrillation, which is important for increasing the survival rate of patients with cardiac arrest. Once a patient is found with a cardiac stoppage, get AED as soon as possible and do the operation. In the course of CPR, if the AED hint requires electroshock defibrillation, the external pressure on the chest should be stopped immediately, and after ensuring the safety of the surrounding personnel, the electroshock should continue.In addition to CPR and AED applications, high-level life support is an important component of CPR. Advanced life support includes the establishment of artificial airways, such as a bronchial intubation, the opening of a pipe to ensure a smooth and efficient flow of air; the implementation of creative blood flow mechanics monitoring, such as central intravenous pressure monitoring, arterial blood pressure monitoring, etc., in order to more accurately assess the circulatory state of the patient and to guide treatment; the use of vascular active drugs, anti-heart disorders, such as adrenalin, methodine, etc., to maintain the function of the heart and to stabilize the heart; and the conduct of electrocution defibrillation or retortion treatment in cases of cardiac abnormalities, such as room tremorism, lack of pulsive cytocardial hypervelocity.The prognosis of patients with cardiac arrest is related to a number of factors, such as the cause of heart arrest, the time of occurrence, the timeliness of treatment and the duration of recovery. In general, the prognosis for the end of the heart-caused heart rate is relatively poor, rather than the end of the heart-caused heart rate, and the patient ‘ s recovery is either relatively successful or relatively high if the causes of the disease, such as the correction of electrolytic disorders and the removal of suffocation, are removed in a timely manner. In addition, if CPR can be activated within 4-6 minutes and a high level of life support within 8 minutes after the heart stops beating, the patient ‘ s survival will increase significantly. However, even if the patient recovers successfully, there may be neurological after-effects, such as memory loss, loss of mental capacity, physical disorders, etc., due to chronic brain aerobic deficiencies.In order to reduce the incidence of cardiac arrest and to increase the survival of patients, it is essential that the public share CPR knowledge and skills. To increase awareness of the dangers of cardiac arrest, to make CPR operational, including through first aid training sessions and awareness-raising campaigns, and to reach out in a timely manner to help patients when they encounter a CPR, thus providing them with valuable survival opportunities. At the same time, medical institutions should continuously improve the preparation and processing of first aid for cardiac arrest, enhance the training and training of first aid personnel and improve the level of treatment for heart arrest. (c) To rationalize the deployment of first aid equipment, such as AED, in public places and to enhance the maintenance and management of the equipment to ensure its proper use at critical times.Heart arrest is a race against time, testing our emergency consciousness, knowledge and skills. In this life-and-death emergency crisis, only the awareness-raising and resilience of society as a whole can work together to light up hope for more lives.
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