1. Definition
of breast cancer
Breast cancer, also known as breast cancer, is a malignant tumor derived from the epithelial cells of the breast. When mammary epithelial cells are stimulated by various carcinogenic factors and proliferate out of control, they will gradually evolve into breast cancer. This is one of the most common malignant tumors in women, but it can also occur in men, but the incidence is much lower than that in women.
2. Characteristics
of morbidity.
• Mostly female: overwhelmingly female.
• High incidence in large cities: the incidence rate in large cities is higher than that in rural areas.
• Early symptoms are not obvious: Breast cancer often has no obvious symptoms in the early stage and is easy to be ignored.
• Age distribution: It occurs in middle-aged people between 40 and 60 years old.
3. Morbidity factors
The morbidity factors of
breast cancer are complex and diverse, including:
• Genetic factors: significantly increased risk of disease.
• Hormone levels:
• Lifestyle: Bad habits
• Environmental factors: Long-term exposure to radiation, air pollution and other environments can also increase the risk of disease.
• Inflammation of the breast: long standing
4. Common symptoms
Common symptoms of
breast cancer include but are not limited to:
• Breast lump: a hard lump or nodule can be palpated in the breast area, which is closely combined with the surrounding tissue.
• Nipple discharge: Non-physiological fluid, such as blood or serous fluid, is discharged from the nipple.
• Breast pain: Tumors may compress surrounding blood vessels, causing breast pain.
• Skin changes: Advanced breast cancer may invade the skin, causing skin pitting, erosion, or the formation of satellite nodules.
• Enlarged axillary lymph nodes: Breast cancer can metastasize to ipsilateral axillary lymph nodes, resulting in enlarged lymph nodes.
5. Diagnostic methods
The diagnosis of
breast cancer requires a combination of methods, including:
• Palpation: The doctor checks for a mass by palpating the breast and armpit.
• Imaging examination: such as breast color Doppler ultrasound, breast molybdenum target, breast nuclear magnetic resonance, etc., breast mass and micro calcification can be found.
• Biopsy: Pathological examination by fine needle aspiration or surgical resection of the lesion is the final diagnosis of breast cancer.
6. Treatment
• Surgical treatment: such as breast-conserving surgery, total mastectomy, radical mastectomy and extended radical mastectomy.
• Chemotherapy: It is divided into adjuvant chemotherapy and neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Commonly used drugs include onion ring drugs, taxane drugs, etc.
Endocrine therapy: Regulate hormone levels in the body through drugs to inhibit tumor growth.
Preservation
• Targeted therapy: treatment for specific molecular targets such as trastuzumab, pertuzumab, etc.
• Immunotherapy: Immunotherapy for triple-negative breast cancer.
• Radiotherapy: Local radiotherapy controls tumor growth.
• Traditional Chinese medicine treatment: enhance efficacy and detoxify, improve the side effects of treatment.
7. Preventive measure
.
Breast cancer prevention involves many aspects, including:
• Scientific diet: Diversify the diet, increase the proportion of plant foods, and limit the high-fat and high-salt diet.
• Weight control: Avoid obesity, especially around the waist.
• Moderate exercise:
• Regular medical checkups:
• Avoid harmful factors: stay away from radiation, air pollution, sand and other harmful environments, and quit smoking and drinking.
• Self-examination: Breast self-examination, observing the shape of the breast and touching the breast for lumps.
Screening: Annual mammography
is recommended for high-risk individuals
X-ray combined with breast ultrasound examination can also be used in general risk groups if economic conditions permit. In addition, breast MRI has high sensitivity and specificity, but its cost is high, so it is not recommended as a routine examination.
early detection, early treatment, most patients can get a good prognosis. Protect breast health together.
Breast cancer
