Coronary Artery Syndrome, CAS, is a group of clinical disorders involving a lack of blood for the coronary artery, resulting in aerobic or cardiac muscle deficiency. It includes a range of conditions ranging from stable cardiac pain to acute coronary syndrome (e.g. unstable cardiac pain and non-ST lift myocardial infarction, and ST lift myocardial infarction). The occurrence of coronary artery syndrome is associated with a variety of factors, the understanding of which and their management are essential for the prevention and treatment of this type of disease.
I. Causes of coronary artery syndrome
The underlying cause of coronary artery syndrome is the sclerosis of coronary porridge, i.e. the formation of plaques from the fat sediments on the artery membrane, leading to a narrow or constricted vein. The vascular cavity is becoming smaller with the growth of the specks, reducing the amount of blood delivered to the cardiac muscles. In addition, speck-breeding-induced haemorrhage formation is a direct cause of acute coronary syndrome. High blood pressure, diabetes, high cholesterol levels, smoking, obesity and genetic factors can increase the risk of coronary artery syndrome [1].
II. Clinical performance
The clinical performance of coronary artery syndrome is diverse, with the main symptoms being chest pain (heart aching), which is manifested in chest pressure, stress or burning, and pain can be radioactive to the left shoulder, arm, neck, jaw or back. In addition to chest pain, patients may suffer from respiratory difficulties, sweating, nausea, vomiting, etc. The coronary artery syndrome can be classified as stable and unstable, depending on the degree of acuteness of the condition. Stable cardiac pain usually occurs during physical activity or emotional agitation, which can be eased rapidly after rest or nitric acid glycerine; while unstable cardiac pain is manifested in increased pain, increased frequency or extended duration, which may occur even in a static state, presages a higher cardiovascular event risk [2].
Diagnosis
The coronary artery syndrome does depend on detailed medical history collection, medical examination and a series of ancillary examinations. Cardiographies (ECG), biomarkers of the heart (e.g. calcium protein), ultrasound cardiac artery, coronary artery CT vascular imaging (CCTA) and coronary artery pulsation are commonly used as reference tools. Of these, coronary artery pictography is considered to be the “gold standard” for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease and can be directly observed in narrow or obstructive conditions [3].
IV. The principles of treatment
The treatment of coronary artery syndrome is aimed at abating symptoms, reducing the incidence of heart events, improving the quality of life and extending the duration of life. The treatment strategy includes, inter alia, lifestyle adjustment, medication and intervention.
Lifestyle adjustments: cessation of smoking, restriction of alcohol intake, healthy diet, adequate exercise, maintenance of desired body weight, etc., help to control risk factors and slow down the disease process.
Medicines: Drugs commonly used include anti-blood tablets (e.g., aspirin), beta receptor retardants, ACE inhibitors/ARBs, fatty drops, etc., for the prevention of sembling formation, reduction of blood pressure, reduction of heart burden and stabilization of pecks.
Interventions: For patients with poor or apparently narrow coronary artery treatments, coronary blood flow can be restored using coronary artery intervention (PCI) or coronary artery side transplants (CABG)[4].
V. Preventive measures
The key to the prevention of coronary artery syndrome is early identification and control of risk factors. Regular medical check-ups, monitoring of blood pressure, blood sugar and blood resin levels, and active treatment of chronic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes, as well as the avoidance of poor living habits, can effectively reduce the risk of disease. In addition, stress management cannot be ignored, and appropriate psychological intervention and support can help to reduce the heart burden and promote physical and mental health [5].
Coronary artery syndrome is a disease that seriously threatens human health, but through scientific awareness and effective management we can significantly reduce its morbidity and mortality. If you or your family have the symptoms described above, contact a doctor and take appropriate treatment. Remember, prevention is always more important than treatment.
References
1. Libby P, Buring J E, Bademon L, et al., Atherosclerosis [J]. Nature Reviews Disease Primers, 2020, 6 (1): 1-20.
2. Farkouh M E, Boden W, Davies R, et al. Comparison of coronary nature bypass surgery and percutaneous coronary intervention for the purpose of the situation of stable coronary early diagnosis: a meta-nalysis of ranting controlled trials [J]. Circulation, 2011, 124 (18):
3. Budoff MJ, Dowe D, Jollis JG, et al. Diagnostic performation of 64-multimediate expert row coronary computed tomography for economics in India without knowledge of the physical environment, inter alia: results from the American Community, 2008, 52.1534 (19.1534):
4. Stone GW, Maehara A J, Lansky A J, et al. A prospective natural history study of coronary athesclerosis. The New England journal of media, 2011, 364 (3): 226-235.
5. Rozanski A, Blumenthal J.A., Kaplan S.Impact of psychological factors on the pathogenesis of cardiovascular dissase and claims for otherapy [J]. Circulation, 1999, 99(16): 2192-2217.
This information is for reference purposes only, and medical advice is required for specific consultations.
