The risk of infection in the treatment of lymphoma has increased significantly as a result of the disease itself and the suppression of the immune system by means of treatment (e.g., chemotherapy, decomposition or target-to-drug treatment). Prevention of infection is therefore an important part of the life management of lymphoma patients. The following is a multifaceted approach to preventing infection and providing comprehensive guidance.
I. Understanding the risk of infection
1. Immunological system inhibition: chemotherapy and emancipation can damage immunocellular cells and lead to a reduction in the number of meso-particle cells (meta-particle reduction), which makes patients more vulnerable to bacteria, viruses and fungi infections.
2. Damage to the mucous barrier: chemotherapy may damage digestive mucous membranes, form ulcer and increase the risk of bacterial intrusion.
3. Long-term hospitalization and intrusive operation: Retention catheters or IV equipment may be a source of infection.
Patients and their families therefore need to be vigilant in identifying early signs of infection (e.g., fever, cough, skin redness, unhealed wounds, etc.) and to be treated in a timely manner.
II. Key measures to prevent infection
1. Maintenance of personal hygiene
Hand-washing: thorough hand-washing with running water and soap before, after, after, after exposure to public goods.
Oral care: brushing of teeth twice a day, using non-stimulant mouthwash to prevent the growth of oral bacteria.
Skin care: Keep the skin clean and avoid scratching or breaking the skin barrier. If you have an opening, disinfect and cover it in time.
Hair cleaning: The scalp may be sensitive during treatment, 2-3 times a week, avoiding the use of irritating shampoo.
2. Food safety
Food selection: Select fresh, non-polluted foods to avoid cold foods (e.g., raw fish, raw eggs, uncooked meat).
Sterilization of meals: Sterilized with boiling water or high temperature of dishwasher.
Stay away from high-risk foods: avoid unsterilized dairy products, pickled foods or street snacks and reduce the risk of ingestion.
3. Environmental clean-up and protection
Home cleaning: daily ventilation, regular cleaning of furniture surfaces and removal of dust and fungus.
Avoid exposure to the source of the disease: stay away from people suffering from flu or other infectious diseases and avoid going to public places where there are high numbers of people.
Reduced exposure to pets: Regular cleaning of pet homes if a pet is raised at home and no exposure to pet excreta.
Enhanced immunization support
Healthy diet: balanced intake of proteins, vitamins and minerals and physical enhancement.
Moderate exercise: moderate exercise under doctor ‘ s guidance, promotion of blood circulation and increased immunity.
Psychological regulation: maintain a good psychological state and avoid the negative effects of anxiety and depression on the immune system.
Vaccination: Vaccination against influenza or pneumonia (subject to recovery or stabilization of the immune function) as recommended by the doctor.
5. Reasonable use of medicines
Anti-infection drugs: For high-risk patients, doctors may recommend the preventive use of antibiotics, anti-virus or anti-fluent drugs.
Reduction of hormonal use: Where hormonal use is required, medical advice should be strictly followed to avoid the risk of infection from long-term, high-dose use.
III. Preventive measures in special circumstances
1. During chemotherapy or release
Avoiding visits to a plethora of outsiders and reducing potential sources of infection.
Blood elephants (e.g., white cells, neutral particle count) are regularly monitored after each chemotherapy and infection protection needs to be strengthened once the neutral particle cell is below safety.
2. Operation or intrusive operation
Ensuring strict sterile pre- and post-surgery operations to reduce infections caused by catheters or other devices.
The part of the tube should be examined on a daily basis and medical attention should be provided immediately in the event of swelling, pain or secretion.
3. Long-term hospitalization or immunisation
Medical personnel are required to strictly enforce sterile practices, as well as to wear masks and wash their hands when visiting their families.
Use of specialized bedding and regular cleaning and disinfection.
IV. Guidelines for emergency response and medical access
Early symptoms of infection:
Body temperature exceeds 38°C or continues below 36°C.
Local red edema, fever, pain or pus.
Continued coughing, short-temporal or urinal pain.
2. Urgent treatment:
In the event of any signs of infection, the attending physician is immediately informed to avoid using his own medication.
When treated in hospitals, doctors are required to provide detailed information on recent symptoms and on the use of medication to facilitate rapid diagnosis.
V. Psychosocial support
The high risk of infection can cause anxiety and fear among patients, so psychological support is particularly important:
Communication with family and friends, sharing stress.
Participation in patient support groups to learn the experience and skills of others.
Regular communication with a psychologist and, if necessary, psychological intervention.
Summary
Prevention of infection is essential for the treatment and quality of life of lymphoma patients. From hygiene, food security, environmental cleanliness, immunization support and timely access to health care, every link needs to be strictly implemented. At the same time, patients, with the support of their families and health-care providers, must maintain a positive mentality and face together the challenges of treatment. Under scientific control and comprehensive care, the risk of infection can be reduced effectively, thus achieving better treatment and quality of life for patients.
